{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:17:59Z","timestamp":1791418679899,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It was previously shown that nitric oxide produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and peroxynitrite are responsible for cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced cystitis. Since endogenous production of peroxynitrite is known to lead to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation, in this study, the aim was to evaluate whether the PARP activation pathway is also included in the pathogenesis of CP-induced bladder ulceration in rats. A total of 48 male albino Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 served as control and was given 2 ml saline; four groups received a single dose of CP (200 mg\/kg) with the same time intervals. Group 2 received CP only; Group 3, selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W (20 mg\/kg); Group 4, peroxynitrite scavenger ebselen (30 mg\/kg); and Group 5, PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (20 mg\/kg). CP injection resulted in severe cystitis with continuous macroscopic hemorrhage, strong edema, inflammation, and ulceration. Moreover, bladder iNOS activation and urine nitrite-nitrate levels were dramatically increased. Histologically, 1400W protected bladder against CP damage and decreased urine nitrite-nitrate levels and bladder iNOS induction. Ebselen has shown similar histologic results with 1400W without changing urinary nitrite-nitrate level and iNOS activity. Furthermore in the 3-aminobenzamide group, beneficial effects had also occurred including decreased ulceration. These results suggest that PARP activation involves pathogenesis of CP-induced bladder ulceration. Furthermore, PARP is not only important for ulceration but also for bladder edema, hemorrhage, and inflammation because of broken uroepithelial cellular integrity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3181\/0706-rm-151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,12]],"date-time":"2008-05-12T19:11:21Z","timestamp":1210619481000},"page":"338-343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition in Bladder Damage Caused by Cyclophosphamide in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00fclent","family":"Kurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seref","family":"Basal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turgut","family":"Topal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serdar","family":"Sadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00fckr\u00fc","family":"\u00d6ter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)41173-6"},{"key":"bibr-R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oter S, Korkmaz A, Oztas E, Yildirim I, Topal T, Bilgic H. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition in cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats. Urol Res 32:185\u2013189, 2004.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-003-0398-y"},{"key":"bibr-R3","unstructured":"Souza-Filho MV, Lima MV, Pompeu MM, Ballejo G, Cunha FQ, Ribeiro RA. Involvement of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Am J Pathol 150: 247\u2013256, 1997."},{"key":"bibr-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000085593.31396.d8"},{"key":"bibr-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000154344.80669.e3"},{"key":"bibr-R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Virag L, Szabo E, Gergely P, Szabo C. Peroxynitrite-induced cytotoxicity: mechanism and opportunities for intervention. Toxicol Lett 141:113\u2013124, 2003.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00508-8"},{"key":"bibr-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.54.3.375"},{"key":"bibr-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-006-0078-0"},{"key":"bibr-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1470543"},{"key":"bibr-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.8.4959"},{"key":"bibr-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00511-8"},{"key":"bibr-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx950115u"},{"key":"bibr-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)00073-3"},{"key":"bibr-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07998.x"},{"key":"bibr-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.5.R1834"},{"key":"bibr-R16","unstructured":"Chow YC, Yang S, Huang CJ, Tzen CY, Su YH, Wang PS. Prophylactic intravesical instillation of epinephrine prevents cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats. Exp Biol Med 232: 565\u2013570, 2007."},{"key":"bibr-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.10.003"},{"key":"bibr-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-004-0822-1"},{"key":"bibr-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1347"},{"key":"bibr-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2004.00202.x"},{"key":"bibr-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2004.00131.x"},{"key":"bibr-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-005-0647-7"},{"key":"bibr-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1379"},{"key":"bibr-R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batista CK, Mota JM, Souza ML, Leit\u00e3o BT, Souza MH, Brito GA, Cunha FQ, Ribeiro RA. Amifostine and glutathione prevent ifosfamide-and acrolein-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 59:71\u201377, 2007.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-006-0248-z"},{"key":"bibr-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-509X.25769"},{"key":"bibr-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65134-8"},{"key":"bibr-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004311-200001000-00007"}],"container-title":["Experimental Biology and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3181\/0706-RM-151","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3181\/0706-RM-151","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3181\/0706-RM-151","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:54:18Z","timestamp":1777571658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ebm-journal.org\/journals\/experimental-biology-and-medicine\/articles\/10.3181\/0706-rm-151\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3181\/0706-RM-151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3181\/0706-rm-151","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-3702","1535-3699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-3702","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-3699","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}}}