{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:50:39Z","timestamp":1790866239452,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg. Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"DOI":"10.3201\/eid0503.990318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,26]],"date-time":"2009-08-26T20:08:47Z","timestamp":1251317327000},"page":"441-449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["New <i>Cryptosporidium<\/i> Genotypes in HIV-Infected Persons"],"prefix":"10.3201","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Norman J.","family":"Pieniazek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando J.","family":"Bornay-Llinares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan B.","family":"Slemenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre J.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iaci N. S.","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Arrowood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Ditrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology AS CR, Cesk\u00e9 Bud\u00ebjovice, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Addiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1822","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fayer R, Speer CA, Dubey JP. The general biology of Cryptosporidium. In: Fayer R, editor. Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1997. p. 1-41.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781351071260-1"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.1.57","article-title":"Massive outbreak of waterborne Cryptosporidium infection in Milwaukee, Wisconsin: recurrence of illness and risk of secondary transmission.","volume":"21","author":"MacKenzie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00141796","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in humans: review of recent epidemiologic studies.","volume":"1","author":"Navin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R4","unstructured":"Arrowood MJ. Diagnosis. In: Fayer R, editor. Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1997. p. 43-64."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R5","unstructured":"Lindsay DS. Laboratory models of cryptosporidiosis. In: Fayer R, editor. Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1997. p. 209-23."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1971.tb03315.x","article-title":"Cryptosporidium wrairi sp. n. from the guinea pig Cavia porcellus, with an emendation of the genus.","volume":"18","author":"Vetterling","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Protozool"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000063885","article-title":"Differentiation between human and animal strains of Cryptosporidium parvum using isoenzyme typing.","volume":"110","author":"Awad-el-Kariem","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R8","first-page":"83","article-title":"The epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: application of experimental sub-typing and antibody detection systems to the investigation of water-borne outbreaks.","volume":"45","author":"McLauchlin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Folia Parasitol (Praha)"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R9","first-page":"237S","article-title":"A technique for typing Cryptosporidium isolates.","volume":"38","author":"Nichols","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Protozool"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R10","first-page":"26S","article-title":"Genetic markers differentiate C. parvum isolates.","volume":"41","author":"Carraway","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.52.559","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans and other animals using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis.","volume":"52","author":"Morgan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.6.2262-2265.1998","article-title":"Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR analysis of bovine Cryptosporidium parvum strains isolated from the watershed of the Red River of the North.","volume":"64","author":"Shianna","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08107.x","article-title":"Genotyping human and bovine isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a repetitive DNA sequence.","volume":"137","author":"Bonnin","year":"1996","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1086\/515373","article-title":"Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Cryptosporidium parvum isolates from people with AIDS.","volume":"178","author":"Widmer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(97)00115-8","article-title":"PCR-RFLP analysis of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene discriminates between C. wrairi and C. parvum, and between C. parvum isolates of human and animal origin.","volume":"150","author":"Spano","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.2307\/3284275","article-title":"Differentiation between human and animal isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum using rDNA sequencing and direct PCR analysis.","volume":"83","author":"Morgan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0304.970423","article-title":"Genetic polymorphism among Cryptosporidium parvum isolates: evidence of two distinct human transmission cycles.","volume":"3","author":"Peng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R18","first-page":"97","article-title":"Similarities and differences between DNA of Cryptosporidium parvum and C. wrairi detected by the polymerase chain reaction.","volume":"41","author":"Chrisp","year":"1994","journal-title":"Folia Parasitol (Praha)"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.2.712-716.1996","article-title":"Identification of genetic heterogeneity in the Cryptosporidium parvum ribosomal repeat.","volume":"62","author":"Carraway","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(94)90044-2","article-title":"Geographical variation in 18S rRNA gene sequence of Cryptosporidium parvum.","volume":"24","author":"Kilani","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60122-0","article-title":"Genetic heterogeneity and PCR detection of Cryptosporidium parvum.","volume":"40","author":"Widmer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(92)90032-U","article-title":"PCR cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the 18S rRNA genes and internal transcribed spacer 1 of the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium muris.","volume":"1131","author":"Cai","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00181-3","article-title":"Ribosomal RNA gene organization in Cryptosporidium parvum.","volume":"90","author":"Le Blancq","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1993.0325","article-title":"DNA probe hybridization and PCR detection of Cryptosporidium parvum compared to immunofluorescence assay.","volume":"27","author":"Johnson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3849","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.11.3849-3855.1995","article-title":"Development of a PCR protocol for sensitive detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water samples.","volume":"61","author":"Johnson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60116-5","article-title":"Natural history and biology of Cryptosporidium parvum.","volume":"40","author":"Tzipori","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098002765","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium from various hosts.","volume":"117","author":"Morgan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00122-8","article-title":"Morphological and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium oocysts from domestic cats.","volume":"77","author":"Sargent","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199902010-00007","article-title":"Declining CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts are associated with increased risk of enteric parasitosis and chronic diarrhea: results of a 3-year longitudinal study.","volume":"20","author":"Navin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R30","unstructured":"Melvin DM, Brooke MM. Laboratory procedures for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites. 3rd ed. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control; 1982. Publication no. (CDC) 85-8282."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.12.3255-3257.1992","article-title":"Evaluation of a new monoclonal antibody combination reagent for the direct fluorescent detection of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in human fecal specimens.","volume":"30","author":"Garcia","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1084-8592(99)80050-2","article-title":"Fast and reliable extraction of protozoan parasite DNA from fecal specimens.","author":"da Silva","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Diagn"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.340090304","article-title":"A workbench for multiple alignment construction and analysis.","volume":"9","author":"Schuler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R34","first-page":"164","article-title":"PHYLIP\u2014phylogeny inference package.","volume":"5","author":"Felsenstein","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.1.139-147.1998","article-title":"Differentiation of phylogenetically related slowly growing mycobacteria based on 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer sequences.","volume":"36","author":"Roth","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0503.990318-202410171235-R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.4.1455-1458.1999","article-title":"Identification of Cryptosporidium felis in a cow by morphologic and molecular methods.","volume":"65","author":"Bornay-Llinares","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Emerging Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/5\/3\/99-0318_article","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T01:24:11Z","timestamp":1732584251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/5\/3\/99-0318_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid0503.990318","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6040","type":"print"},{"value":"1080-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]}}}