{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:22:32Z","timestamp":1773076952099,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg. Infect. Dis."],"DOI":"10.3201\/eid0805.010227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]],"date-time":"2012-06-28T17:06:37Z","timestamp":1340903197000},"page":"462-466","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Clonal Groupings in Serogroup X<i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.3201","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Gagneux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, SwitzerlandNavrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Infektionsbiologie, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Ehrhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Morelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Infektionsbiologie, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Kriz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blaise","family":"Genton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Binka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Navrongo, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Pluschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Achtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Infektionsbiologie, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1822","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R1","unstructured":"Achtman M. Global epidemiology of meningococcal disease. In: Cartwright KA, editor. Meningococcal disease. Chichester, UK: John Wiley, 1995:159-75."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R2","first-page":"603","article-title":"Peut-on individualiser deux nouveaux groupes s\u00e9rologiques de Neisseria meningitidis?","volume":"26","author":"Bories","year":"1966","journal-title":"Med Trop"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120854","article-title":"Prevalence of meningococcal serogroups and description of three new groups.","volume":"87","author":"Evans","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R4","first-page":"1173","article-title":"Severe meningococcal disease caused by serogroups X and Z.","volume":"134","author":"Ryan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R5","first-page":"208","volume":"85","author":"Pastor","year":"1985","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01643964","article-title":"Meningococcal infections in the German Democratic Republic 1971-1984.","volume":"14","author":"Grahlow","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400063828","article-title":"Meningococcal disease in South Australia: incidence and serogroup distribution 1971-1980.","volume":"90","author":"Hansman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R8","first-page":"181","article-title":"A predictable comeback: the second pandemic of infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A subgroup III in Africa, 1995.","volume":"74","author":"Riou","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00550.x","article-title":"Microheterogeneity of serogroup A (subgroup III) Neisseria meningitidis during an outbreak in northern Ghana.","volume":"5","author":"Gagneux","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R10","first-page":"227","volume":"50","author":"Etienne","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med Trop"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R11","first-page":"499","article-title":"Epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in Niamey, Niger, 1981-96.","volume":"77","author":"Campagne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R12","article-title":"Prospective study of a serogroup X Neisseria meningitidis outbreak in Northern Ghana.","author":"Gagneux","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R13","first-page":"1147","volume":"137","author":"Swart","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-777.x","article-title":"Heterozygous and homozygous factor H deficiency states in a Dutch family.","volume":"105","author":"Fijen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.30.9.2290-2294.1992","article-title":"Neisseria spp. and AIDS.","volume":"30","author":"Morla","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3140","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing: a portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms.","volume":"95","author":"Maiden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1998.tb01379.x","article-title":"Population genetics and molecular epidemiology of Neisseria meningitidis.","volume":"106","author":"Caugant","year":"1998","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4927","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.13.4927","article-title":"Intercontinental spread of a genetically distinctive complex of clones of Neisseria meningitidis causing epidemic disease.","volume":"83","author":"Caugant","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5234","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.061386098","article-title":"Fit genotypes and escape variants of subgroup III Neisseria meningitidis during three pandemics of epidemic meningitis.","volume":"98","author":"Zhu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01932.x","article-title":"Frequent interspecific genetic exchange between commensal Neisseriae and Neisseria meningitidis.","volume":"36","author":"Linz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(99)80052-7","article-title":"Microevolution through DNA exchange among strains of Neisseria meningitidis isolated during an outbreak in the Czech Republic.","volume":"150","author":"Kriz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.5211882.x","article-title":"Clonal descent and microevolution of Neisseria meningitidis during 30 years of epidemic spread.","volume":"25","author":"Morelli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4384","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.10.4384","article-title":"How clonal are bacteria?","volume":"90","author":"Smith","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0703.017309","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of serogroup A meningitis in Moscow, 1969 to 1997.","volume":"7","author":"Achtman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R25","unstructured":"Bionumerics 2.0. Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium: Applied Maths; 2000."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4492","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.12.4492-4498.2000","article-title":"Carried meningococci in the Czech Republic: a diverse recombining population.","volume":"38","author":"Jolley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026159","article-title":"The influence of recombination on the population structure and evolution of the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis.","volume":"16","author":"Holmes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-1348(01)00011-9","article-title":"Strong linkage disequilibrium between different genetic markers challenges the epidemic clonality model in Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A isolates.","volume":"1","author":"Bart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800066449","article-title":"The Stonehouse survey: nasopharyngeal carriage of meningococci and Neisseria lactamica.","volume":"99","author":"Cartwright","year":"1987","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800056648","article-title":"Acquisition and invasiveness of different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in young children.","volume":"111","author":"Smith","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1056495","article-title":"A link between virulence and ecological abundance in natural populations of Staphylococcus aureus.","volume":"292","author":"Day","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/146.5.626","article-title":"The epidemiology of infections due to Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica in a northern Nigerian community.","volume":"146","author":"Blakebrough","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(88)96117-8","article-title":"Meningococcal carriage, meningococcal disease and vaccination.","volume":"16","author":"Hassan-King","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R34","first-page":"170","article-title":"Meningococcal disease: public health burden and control.","volume":"50","author":"Tikhomirov","year":"1997","journal-title":"World Health Stat Q"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03594-7","article-title":"Efficacy of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine in teenagers and toddlers in England.","volume":"357","author":"Ramsay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)00252-4","article-title":"Meningococcal conjugate vaccines: new opportunities and new challenges.","volume":"354","author":"Maiden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.1.271","article-title":"Capsule switching of Neisseria meningitidis.","volume":"94","author":"Swartley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001203420319","article-title":"Rapid serogroup switching in Neisseria meningitidis.","volume":"342","author":"Vogel","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03502-9","article-title":"Serogroup W135 meningococcal disease in Hajj pilgrims.","volume":"356","author":"Taha","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0805.010227-201206280400-R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0604.000423","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135 isolates associated with the ET-37 complex.","volume":"6","author":"Popovic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Emerging Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/8\/5\/01-0227_article","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T02:40:41Z","timestamp":1732588841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/8\/5\/01-0227_article.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid0805.010227","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6040","type":"print"},{"value":"1080-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}}}