{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:58:53Z","timestamp":1791205133406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg. Infect. Dis."],"DOI":"10.3201\/eid0904.020417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,18]],"date-time":"2012-06-18T19:29:20Z","timestamp":1340047760000},"page":"426-431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":222,"title":["Costs of Illness in the 1993 Waterborne<i>Cryptosporidium<\/i>Outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"],"prefix":"10.3201","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Phaedra S.","family":"Corso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City of Milwaukee Health Department, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Addiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne C.","family":"Haddix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1822","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017920","article-title":"Epidemiologic aspects of human cryptosporidiosis and the role of waterborne transmission.","volume":"18","author":"Meinhardt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks\u2014United States, 1991\u20131992.","volume":"42","author":"Moore","year":"1993","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks\u2014United States, 1993\u20131994.","volume":"45","author":"Kramer","year":"1996","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks\u2014United States, 1995\u20131996.","volume":"47","author":"Levy","year":"1998","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks\u2014United States, 1997\u20131998.","volume":"49","author":"Barwick","year":"2000","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199407213310304","article-title":"A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply.","volume":"331","author":"Mac Kenzie","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.1.57","article-title":"Massive outbreak of waterborne Cryptosporidium infection in Milwaukee, Wisconsin: recurrence of illness and risk of secondary transmission.","volume":"21","author":"Mac Kenzie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800001473","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in Wisconsin: a case control study of post-outbreak transmission.","volume":"117","author":"Osewe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.Supplement_1.S57","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis: sources of infection and guidelines for prevention.","volume":"21","author":"Juranek","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199712150-00010","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiologic features of a massive waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidioisis in persons with HIV infection.","volume":"16","author":"Frisby","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R11","unstructured":"Common Council of the City of Milwaukee Ordinance, section 75-15-14-c. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. (May 29, 1992)"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R12","unstructured":"The 1993 red book. Montvale (NJ): Medical Economics Co.; 1993."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R13","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of the Census. Average annual pay, by state: 1992 and 1993 (Table 675). In: Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1995. 115th ed. Washington: Medical Economics Co.; 1995."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R14","article-title":"Statewide average operating cost-to-charge ratios for urban and rural hospitals (case weighted), August 1993 (Table 8A).","volume":"58","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R15","first-page":"191","article-title":"What your colleagues are charging.","volume":"69","author":"Crane","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Econ"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R16","unstructured":"1994 Fees on Disk [computer program]. Augusta (GA): HealthCare Consultants of America, Inc.;1994."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R17","unstructured":"Haddix AC, Teutsch SM, Shaffer PA, Du\u00f1et DO. Prevention effectiveness: a guide to decision analysis and economic evaluation. New York: Oxford University Press; 1996."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.12.2032","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis-associated mortality following a massive waterborne outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.","volume":"87","author":"Hoxie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R19","unstructured":"Levin R, Harrington W. Infectious waterborne disease and disinfection by-products in the US: costs of disease. In: Reichard E, Zapponi G, editors. Assessing and managing health risks from drinking water contamination: approaches and applications. Proceedings of a symposium held in Rome, September 1994. Wallingford (UK): International Association of Hydrological Sciences; 1995; publ. no. 233."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R20","unstructured":"Morris RD, Levin R. Estimating the incidence of waterborne infectious disease related to drinking water in the United States. In: Reichard E, Zapponi G, editors. Assessing and managing health risks from drinking water contamination: approaches and applications. Proceedings of a symposium held in Rome, September 1994. Wallingford (UK): International Association of Hydrological Sciences; 1995; publ. no. 233."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R21","unstructured":"Harrington W, Krupnick AJ, Spofford WO. Economics and episodic disease.: Washington: Resources for the Future; 1991."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid0904.020417-201206180400-R22","first-page":"13","article-title":"Milwaukee fights Crypto with ozone retrofit.","volume":"68","year":"1998","journal-title":"Civ Eng"}],"container-title":["Emerging Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/9\/4\/02-0417_article","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T02:43:50Z","timestamp":1732589030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/9\/4\/02-0417_article.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid0904.020417","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6040","type":"print"},{"value":"1080-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]}}}