{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:50:11Z","timestamp":1790725811523,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg. Infect. Dis."],"DOI":"10.3201\/eid1001.030119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,11]],"date-time":"2012-05-11T14:50:55Z","timestamp":1336747855000},"page":"14-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":233,"title":["Fungal Biofilms and Drug Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3201","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mary Ann","family":"Jabra-Rizk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Falkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy F.","family":"Meiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1822","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R1","unstructured":"Calderone RA, ed.\n                      Candida\n                      and candidiasis. Washington: ASM Press; 2002."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Medical importance of biofilms in Candida infections.","volume":"19","author":"Douglas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(02)00002-1","article-title":"Candida biofilms and their role in infection.","volume":"11","author":"Douglas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/46.3.397","article-title":"Matrix polymers of Candida biofilms and their possible role in biofilm resistance to antifungal agents.","volume":"46","author":"Baillie","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5385","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.18.5385-5394.2001","article-title":"Biofilm formation by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans: development, architecture, and drug resistance.","volume":"183","author":"Chandra","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(02)00022-6","article-title":"Invasive fungal infections: evolving challenges for diagnosis and therapeutics.","volume":"38","author":"Ellis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.49","article-title":"Biofilm formation as microbial development.","volume":"54","author":"O\u2019Toole","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3234","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3234-3240.2001","article-title":"Biofilm formation by Candida dubliniensis.","volume":"39","author":"Ramage","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf049","article-title":"Investigation of multidrug efflux pumps in relation to fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans biofilms.","volume":"49","author":"Ramage","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R10","first-page":"15","article-title":"Candida dubliniensis: an emerging opportunistic pathogen.","volume":"8","author":"Sullivan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Mycol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.870-872.1999","article-title":"In vitro susceptibilities of Candida dubliniensis isolates tested against the new triazole and echinocandin antifungal agents.","volume":"37","author":"Pfaller","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.7.1819","article-title":"Identification and expression of multidrug transporters responsible for fluconazole resistance in Candida dubliniensis.","volume":"42","author":"Moran","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2423-2426.2000","article-title":"Retrospective identification of Candida dubliniensis among Candida albicans clinical laboratory isolates from HIV and non-HIV individuals.","volume":"38","author":"Jabra-Rizk","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-51-4-344","article-title":"Mixed species biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis.","volume":"51","author":"Adam","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0809.020063","article-title":"Biofilms: microbial life on surfaces.","volume":"8","author":"Donlan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.4.999-1007.2001","article-title":"Riddle of biofilm resistance.","volume":"45","author":"Lewis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.64.4.847-867.2000","article-title":"Microbial biofilms: from ecology to molecular genetics.","volume":"64","author":"Davey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.2.167-193.2002","article-title":"Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms.","volume":"15","author":"Donlan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.11.3591-3596.2002","article-title":"In vitro activity of caspofungin against Candida albicans biofilm.","volume":"46","author":"Bachmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.5.1464-1468.1999","article-title":"Coaggregation of Candida dubliniensis with Fusobacterium nucleatum.","volume":"37","author":"Jabra-Rizk","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R21","first-page":"8","article-title":"Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans display surface variations consistent with observed intergeneric coaggregation.","volume":"16","author":"Jabra-Rizk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.9.2475-2479.2001","article-title":"Standardized method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida albicans biofilms.","volume":"45","author":"Ramage","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3135-3139.2002","article-title":"Replacement of Candida albicans with C. dubliniensis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis treated with fluconazole.","volume":"40","author":"Martinez","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1159\/000007320","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of Candida dubliniensis to current and new antifungal agents.","volume":"46","author":"Quindos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R25","first-page":"352","article-title":"Antifungal drugs and fungal resistance: the need for a new generation of drugs.","volume":"47","author":"Wynn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.6.1704-1713.2002","article-title":"Resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Candida albicans.","volume":"46","author":"White","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/714031077","article-title":"Transcription initiation of genes associated with azole resistance in Candida albicans.","volume":"40","author":"Harry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.12.3416-3421.2001","article-title":"MDR1-mediated drug resistance in Candida dubliniensis.","volume":"45","author":"Wirsching","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.6.1773-1780.2002","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility of Candida biofilms: unique efficacy of amphotericin B lipid formulations and echinocandins.","volume":"46","author":"Kuhn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.2.151","article-title":"Current and future antifungal therapy: new targets for antifungal agents.","volume":"44","author":"Andriole","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R31","first-page":"94","article-title":"Fungal drug resistance, biofilms, and new antifungals.","volume":"51","author":"Wynn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200112000-00004","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of echinocandin antifungals.","volume":"14","author":"Arathoon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/46.3.475","article-title":"Susceptibility of fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida spp. to echinocandin LY303366, intraconazole and amphotericin B.","volume":"46","author":"Cuenca-Estrella","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf045","article-title":"Echinocandins: a new class of antifungal.","volume":"49","author":"Denning","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2001.tb11144.x","article-title":"The echinocandins, first novel class of antifungals in two decades: will they live up to their promise?","volume":"55","author":"Graybill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R36","first-page":"303","article-title":"Antifungal chemotherapy: advances and perspectives.","volume":"132","author":"Groll","year":"2002","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.10.2.269","article-title":"Update on antifungals targeted to the cell wall: focus on beta-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitors.","volume":"10","author":"Georgopapadakou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021585","article-title":"Comparison of caspofungin and amphotericin B for invasive candidiasis.","volume":"347","author":"Mora-Duarte","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(02)00361-9","article-title":"Antifungal activities of fluconazole, caspofungin (MK0991), and anidulafungin (LY 303366) alone and in combination against Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans via time-kill methods.","volume":"43","author":"Roling","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid1001.030119-201205110400-R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe020142","article-title":"Echinocandins\u2014an advance in the primary treatment of invasive candidiasis.","volume":"347","author":"Walsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Emerging Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/10\/1\/03-0119_article","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T21:46:51Z","timestamp":1732571211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/10\/1\/03-0119_article.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1001.030119","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6040","type":"print"},{"value":"1080-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}}}