{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T19:03:00Z","timestamp":1779908580495,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg. Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"DOI":"10.3201\/eid2311.161632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]],"date-time":"2017-10-02T12:59:35Z","timestamp":1506949175000},"page":"1834-1842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Retrospective Observational Study of Atypical Winter Respiratory Illness Season Using Real-Time Syndromic Surveillance, England, 2014\u201315"],"prefix":"10.3201","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sue","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Morbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Pebody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"de Lusignan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Alex","family":"Yeates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex J.","family":"Elliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1822","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036158","article-title":"Studies of the community and family: acute respiratory illness and infection.","volume":"16","author":"Monto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816000315","article-title":"Incidence and viral aetiologies of acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) in the United States: a population-based study.","volume":"144","author":"Szilagyi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06528-X","article-title":"Contribution of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus to community cases of influenza-like illness: an observational study.","volume":"358","author":"Zambon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R4","unstructured":"British Broadcasting. Corporation. \u201cMajor incidents\u201d remain at hospitals in England [cited 2015 Nov 4]. http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-england-30694056"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R5","first-page":"231","article-title":"Influenza and adult hospital admissions for respiratory conditions in England 1989\u20132001.","volume":"6","author":"Fleming","year":"2003","journal-title":"Commun Dis Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807007881","article-title":"Morbidity profiles of patients consulting during influenza and respiratory syncytial virus active periods.","volume":"135","author":"Fleming","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.063461","article-title":"Respiratory illness associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection.","volume":"90","author":"Fleming","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.09.017","article-title":"Assessing the burden of influenza and other respiratory infections in England and Wales.","volume":"54","author":"Pitman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.2.179","article-title":"Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States.","volume":"289","author":"Thompson","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis211","article-title":"Hospitalizations associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States, 1993\u20132008.","volume":"54","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007525402861","article-title":"The duration and magnitude of influenza epidemics: a study of surveillance data from sentinel general practices in England, Wales, and the Netherlands.","volume":"15","author":"Fleming","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elliot AJ, Fleming DM. Common respiratory infections diagnosed in general practice. In: Eccles R, Weber O, editors. Common cold. Basel (Switzerland): Birkhauser Verlag; 2009. p. 47\u201375.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7643-9912-2_3"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006601","article-title":"Timing of monoclonal antibody for seasonal RSV prophylaxis in the United Kingdom.","volume":"135","author":"Goddard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.11.10.00651-en","article-title":"Surveillance of influenza-like illness in England and Wales during 1966\u20132006.","volume":"11","author":"Elliot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-7-141","article-title":"Influenza activity in Europe during eight seasons (1999\u20132007): an evaluation of the indicators used to measure activity and an assessment of the timing, length, and course of peak activity (spread) across Europe.","volume":"7","author":"Paget","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19387","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.44.19387-en","article-title":"Influenza-like illness surveillance using a deputising medical service corresponds to surveillance from sentinel general practices.","volume":"14","author":"Coory","year":"2009","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22113","article-title":"Nationwide surveillance of 18 respiratory viruses in patients with influenza-like illnesses: a pilot feasibility study in the French Sentinel Network.","volume":"83","author":"Falchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62126-7","article-title":"Incidence of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 infection in England: a cross-sectional serological study.","volume":"375","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20139","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.14.20139-en","article-title":"Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in England, 2009 to 2011: a greater burden of severe illness in the year after the pandemic than in the pandemic year.","volume":"17","author":"Mytton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814001757","article-title":"Harmonizing influenza primary-care surveillance in the United Kingdom: piloting two methods to assess the timing and intensity of the seasonal epidemic across several general practice\u2013based surveillance schemes.","volume":"143","author":"Green","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2013.05.007","article-title":"Syndromic surveillance\u2014a public health legacy of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.","volume":"127","author":"Elliot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R22","unstructured":"Public Health England. Surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses in the United Kingdom: winter 2014 to 2015 [cited 2016 Feb 5]. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/429617\/Annualreport_March2015_ver4.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60834-9","article-title":"Assessment of syndromic surveillance in Europe.","volume":"378","author":"Triple S Project","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R24","unstructured":"NHS England. Winter daily situation reports: 2014\u201315 data [cited 2016 May 23]. https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/statistics\/statistical-work-areas\/winter-daily-sitreps\/winter-daily-sitrep-2014-15-data\/"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2011-200684","article-title":"Establishing an emergency department syndromic surveillance system to support the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.","volume":"29","author":"Elliot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdw013","article-title":"Developing and validating a new national remote health advice syndromic surveillance system in England.","volume":"39","author":"Harcourt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3660","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv418","article-title":"The application of a novel \u201crising activity, multi-level mixed effects, indicator emphasis\u201d (RAMMIE) method for syndromic surveillance in England.","volume":"31","author":"Morbey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdw054","article-title":"Novel public health risk assessment process developed to support syndromic surveillance for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R29","unstructured":"StataCorp. Stata version 13.1. College Station (TX, USA): StataCorp; 2015."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R30","unstructured":"Public Health England. Syndromic surveillance: systems and analyses. 2016 [cited 2016 Apr 7]. http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/Topics\/InfectiousDiseases\/InfectionsAZ\/RealtimeSyndromicSurveillance\/"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1086\/315320","article-title":"The impact of influenza epidemics on hospitalizations.","volume":"181","author":"Simonsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1843.2003.00457.x","article-title":"Differences in clinical features between influenza A H1N1, A H3N2, and B in adult patients.","volume":"8","author":"Kaji","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30013","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.36.30013","article-title":"Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: 2014\/15 end of season results.","volume":"20","author":"Pebody","year":"2015","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00129-8","article-title":"Variable influenza vaccine effectiveness by subtype: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design studies.","volume":"16","author":"Belongia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdn003","article-title":"Acute respiratory infections and winter pressures on hospital admissions in England and Wales 1990\u20132005.","volume":"30","author":"Elliot","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043951","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults.","volume":"352","author":"Falsey","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800058957","article-title":"Impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus on mortality in England and Wales from January 1975 to December 1990.","volume":"116","author":"Nicholson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12165","article-title":"Association of hospitalizations for asthma with seasonal and pandemic influenza.","volume":"19","author":"Gerke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2007.04.353","article-title":"The contribution of respiratory pathogens to the seasonality of NHS Direct calls.","volume":"55","author":"Cooper","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1406.071467","article-title":"Validation of syndromic surveillance for respiratory pathogen activity.","volume":"14","author":"van den Wijngaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Westheimer E, Paladini M, Balter S, Weiss D, Fine A, Nguyen TQ. Evaluating the New York City emergency department syndromic surveillance for monitoring influenza activity during the 2009\u201310 influenza season. PLOS Curr. 2012;4:e500563f3ea181. 10.1371\/500563f3ea181","DOI":"10.1371\/500563f3ea181"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/386018","article-title":"Emergency department surveillance as a proxy for the prediction of circulating respiratory viral disease in Eastern Ontario.","volume":"24","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815002125","article-title":"Emergency department syndromic surveillance providing early warning of seasonal respiratory activity in England.","volume":"144","author":"Hughes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1086\/499810","article-title":"The association of respiratory syncytial virus infection and influenza with emergency admissions for respiratory disease in London: an analysis of routine surveillance data.","volume":"42","author":"Mangtani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1318-9","article-title":"Detecting signals of seasonal influenza severity through age dynamics.","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2311.161632-201710160854-R46","first-page":"256","article-title":"Presentation with influenza-like illness in general practice: implications for use of neuraminidase inhibitors.","volume":"3","author":"Ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Commun Dis Public Health"}],"container-title":["Emerging Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/23\/11\/16-1632_article","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T23:29:21Z","timestamp":1732922961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/23\/11\/16-1632_article.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2311.161632","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6040","type":"print"},{"value":"1080-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}}}