{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:51:46Z","timestamp":1791442306774,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg. Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.3201\/eid2606.191168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T15:11:52Z","timestamp":1588345912000},"page":"1091-1101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Epidemiologic Changes of Scrub Typhus in China, 1952\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.3201","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zhongjie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hualei","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junling","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengjie","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingjia","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Canjun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole Davis","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijian","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon I.","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George F.","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1822","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1608499","article-title":"Scrub typhus\u2014scientific neglect, ever-widening impact.","volume":"375","author":"Walker","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003971","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003971","article-title":"A systematic review of mortality from untreated scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi).","volume":"9","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005838","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005838","article-title":"Estimating the burden of scrub typhus: A systematic review.","volume":"11","author":"Bonell","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0409","article-title":"Infectious etiologies of acute febrile illness among patients seeking health care in south-central Cambodia.","volume":"86","author":"Kasper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.02.015","article-title":"Serological and blood culture investigations of Nepalese fever patients.","volume":"101","author":"Blacksell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70008-1","article-title":"Causes of non-malarial fever in Laos: a prospective study.","volume":"1","author":"Mayxay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0064","article-title":"Unresolved problems related to scrub typhus: a seriously neglected life-threatening disease.","volume":"89","author":"Paris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0858-6","article-title":"Current situation of scrub typhus in South Korea from 2001-2013.","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0775","article-title":"Evidence of Rickettsia and Orientia infections among abattoir workers in Djibouti.","volume":"95","author":"Horton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2205.150953","article-title":"Q fever, scrub typhus, and rickettsial diseases in children, Kenya, 2011\u20132012.","volume":"22","author":"Maina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4404","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01526-10","article-title":"Isolation of a novel Orientia species (O. chuto sp. nov.) from a patient infected in Dubai.","volume":"48","author":"Izzard","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603657","article-title":"Endemic scrub typhus in South America.","volume":"375","author":"Weitzel","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32130-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.","volume":"390","author":"Hay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/9.4.823","article-title":"Epidemiology and ecology of rickettsial diseases in the People\u2019s Republic of China.","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1050","article-title":"Spatiotemporal patterns and risk factors for scrub typhus from 2007 to 2017 in southern China.","volume":"69","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R16","first-page":"920","article-title":"Progress in research of Orientia tsutsugamushi and its host and vector","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Disease Surveillance"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R17","first-page":"370","article-title":"General situation on studies of animal hosts of tsutsugamushi disease in China","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides & Equipments."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004875","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004875","article-title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of scrub typhus transmission in mainland China, 2006\u20132014.","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2153-3","article-title":"Rapid increase of scrub typhus incidence in Guangzhou, southern China, 2006-2014.","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30579-0","article-title":"Infectious disease trends in China since the SARS outbreak.","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61365-3","article-title":"Emergence and control of infectious diseases in China.","volume":"372","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R22","unstructured":"Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National guideline of scrub typhus control and prevention [in Chinese]. 2009 [cited 2017 Mar 16]. http:\/\/www.chinacdc.cn\/tzgg\/200901\/t20090105_40316.html"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R23","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics of China. National data [in Chinese]. 2018 [cited 2020 Mar 27]. http:\/\/data.stats.gov.cn\/english\/index.htm"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates.","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001552","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001552","article-title":"Characterization of regional influenza seasonality patterns in China and implications for vaccination strategies: spatio-temporal modeling of surveillance data.","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006698","article-title":"Seasonality in six enterically transmitted diseases and ambient temperature.","volume":"135","author":"Naumova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70342-6","article-title":"Hand, foot, and mouth disease in China, 2008-12: an epidemiological study.","volume":"14","author":"Xing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R28","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna (Austria): R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2013."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9477","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706436105","article-title":"Ecological and socioeconomic effects of China\u2019s policies for ecosystem services.","volume":"105","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-191","article-title":"Scrub typhus islands in the Taiwan area and the association between scrub typhus disease and forest land use and farmer population density: geographically weighted regression.","volume":"13","author":"Tsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-139","article-title":"Meteorological factors and risk of scrub typhus in Guangzhou, southern China, 2006-2012.","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R32","first-page":"197","article-title":"Evaluation of national tsutsugamushi disease surveillance\u2014Japan, 2000","volume":"55","author":"Matsui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003814","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003814","article-title":"Urbanization of scrub typhus disease in South Korea.","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813003208","article-title":"Effects of meteorological factors on scrub typhus in a temperate region of China.","volume":"142","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2016.274","article-title":"Geographical distribution of Japanese spotted fever and tsutsugamushi disease in Japan\u2014possible effect of environmental temperature.","volume":"70","author":"Yoshikura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.060257","article-title":"Spring scrub typhus, People\u2019s Rrepublic of China.","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2014.974559","article-title":"Diagnosis of scrub typhus.","volume":"12","author":"Janardhanan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01889.x","article-title":"Detection of new genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi infecting humans in Thailand.","volume":"14","author":"Fournier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.100854","article-title":"Identification of rickettsial infections by using cutaneous swab specimens and PCR.","volume":"17","author":"Bechah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R40","first-page":"239","article-title":"Rickettsial diseases and their serological diagnosis.","volume":"46","author":"Kov\u00e1cov\u00e1","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2606.191168-202005171257-R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h4570","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4570","article-title":"Skin lesion in a critically ill man.","volume":"351","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Emerging Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/26\/6\/19-1168_article","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T17:33:55Z","timestamp":1732988035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/26\/6\/19-1168_article.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2606.191168","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6040","type":"print"},{"value":"1080-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}}}