{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T06:34:16Z","timestamp":1782801256162,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg. Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.3201\/eid2702.202999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T17:42:33Z","timestamp":1609782153000},"page":"411-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Excess Deaths during Influenza and Coronavirus Disease and Infection-Fatality Rate for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.3201","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Liselotte","family":"van Asten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carel N.","family":"Harmsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenny","family":"Stoeldraijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don","family":"Klinkenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne C.","family":"Teirlinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marit M.A.","family":"de Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"van de Kassteele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianne B.","family":"van Gageldonk-Lafeber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"van den Hof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"van der Hoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1822","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.5210\/ojphi.v10i1.8946","article-title":"Mortality surveillance in the Netherlands: severity of winter 2016\/2017.","volume":"10","author":"van Asten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Online J Public Health Inform"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30506","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.14.30506","article-title":"Excess all-cause and influenza-attributable mortality in Europe, December 2016 to February 2017.","volume":"22","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis415","article-title":"Mortality attributable to 9 common infections: significant effect of influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza B, norovirus, and parainfluenza in elderly persons.","volume":"206","author":"van Asten","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812002580","article-title":"Pooling European all-cause mortality: methodology and findings for the seasons 2008\/2009 to 2010\/2011.","volume":"141","author":"Nielsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30933-8","article-title":"COVID-19: a need for real-time monitoring of weekly excess deaths.","volume":"395","author":"Leon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6919e5","article-title":"Preliminary estimate of excess mortality during the COVID-19 outbreak\u2014New York City, March 11\u2013May 2, 2020.","volume":"69","author":"Olson","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"#cr-split#-key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R7.1","unstructured":"Reukers DF, Brandsema L, Dijkstra PS, Donker F, van Gageldonk-Lafeber GA, Hooiveld AB, Annual report. Surveillance of influenza and other respiratory infections in the Netherlands: winter 2018\/2019. RIVM: Bilthoven (the Netherlands)"},{"key":"#cr-split#-key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R7.2","unstructured":"2019 [cited 2020 Nov 15]. https:\/\/www.rivm.nl\/bibliotheek\/rapporten\/2019-0079.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R8","first-page":"269","article-title":"M., Syndromic surveillance with death data: is crude mortality data suitable for real time surveillance?","volume":"4","author":"van Asten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Advances in Disease Surveillance."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R9","first-page":"6","article-title":"Mortality monitoring in the Netherlands.","volume":"\u2022\u2022\u2022","author":"van Asten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Online J Public Health Inform"},{"key":"#cr-split#-key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R10.1","unstructured":"Teirlinck AC, van Asten L, Brandsema PS, Dijkstra F, Donker GA, Euser SM, Annual report: surveillance of influenza and other respiratory infections in the Netherlands: winter 2014\/2015"},{"key":"#cr-split#-key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R10.2","unstructured":"2015. Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM) [cited 2020 Nov 15]. https:\/\/www.rivm.nl\/bibliotheek\/rapporten\/2015-0042.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R11","unstructured":"Donker G. Nivel primary care registry: sentinels 2018; 2019 [in Dutch] [cited 2020 Nov 16]. https:\/\/nivel.nl\/en\/publicatie\/nivel-zorgregistraties-eerste-lijn-peilstations-2018"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2012.00422.x","article-title":"Influenza surveillance in Europe: establishing epidemic thresholds by the moving epidemic method.","volume":"7","author":"Vega","year":"2013","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"#cr-split#-key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R13.1","unstructured":"Dijkstra F, van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB, Brandsema P, Friesema IH, Robert-Du Ry van Beest Holle M, van der Lubben IM, Year report. Respiratory infections 2007\/2008"},{"key":"#cr-split#-key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R13.2","unstructured":"2008. RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands [cited 2020 Nov 16]. https:\/\/www.rivm.nl\/bibliotheek\/rapporten\/210231003.pdf"},{"key":"#cr-split#-key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R14.1","unstructured":"Teirlinck A, van Asten L, Brandsema P, Dijkstra F. Annual report: surveillance of respiratory infections 2013\/2014"},{"key":"#cr-split#-key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R14.2","unstructured":"2014 [in Dutch] [cited 2020 Nov 16]. https:\/\/www.rivm.nl\/bibliotheek\/rapporten\/150002006.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R15","unstructured":"Bulletin of Influenza Surveillance. Number of ILI patients above epidemic threshold, 2020 [in Dutch] [cited 2020 Nov 15]. https:\/\/www.nivel.nl\/sites\/default\/files\/influenza-nieuwsbrief\/NB_2019_2020_no5.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R16","unstructured":"Tacken M, Mulder J, Visscher S, Tiersma W, Donkers J, Verheij R,  Monitoring the influenza vaccination coverage 2009; 2010 [in Dutch] [cited 2020 Nov 15]. https:\/\/www.nivel.nl\/sites\/default\/files\/bestanden\/LINH%20griepmonitoring%202009%20rapport.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R17","unstructured":"Heins MJ, Hooiveld M, Davids R, Korevaar JC. Influenza vaccination coverage in the Dutch National Programme for Influenza Prevention, 2016; 2017 [cited 2020 Nov 16]. https:\/\/nivel.nl\/sites\/default\/files\/bestanden\/Monitor_Vaccinatiegraad_Nationaal_Programma_Grieppreventie_2016.pdf."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R18","unstructured":"Heins M, Hooiveld M, Korevaar J. Vaccine Coverage Dutch National Influenza Prevention Program 2018: brief monitor, 2019 [cited 2020 Nov 15]. https:\/\/www.nivel.nl\/nl\/publicatie\/vaccine-coverage-dutch-national-influenza-prevention-program-2018-brief-monitor"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R19","unstructured":"Heins MJ, Hooiveld M, Davids R, Korevaar JC. Vaccine Coverage Dutch National Influenza Prevention Program 2019: brief monitor, 2020 [cited 2020 Nov 15]. https:\/\/www.nivel.nl\/nl\/publicatie\/vaccine-coverage-dutch-national-influenza-prevention-program-2019-brief-monitor"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R20","unstructured":"Sanquin. Approximately 3% of blood donors have antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, April 16, 2020 [in Dutch] [cited 2020 Nov 15]. https:\/\/www.sanquin.nl\/over-sanquin\/nieuws\/2020\/04\/sanquin-ongeveer-3-van-donors-heeft-corona-antistoffen"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R21","unstructured":"RIVM. Preliminary results from the Pienter corona study, 2020 [in Dutch] [cited 2020 Nov 15] https:\/\/www.rivm.nl\/pienter-corona-studie\/voorlopige-resultaten"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R22","unstructured":"Sanquin. Approximately 5% of blood donors have antibodies against SARS-CoV-2; June 3, 29020 [in Dutch] [cited 2020 Nov 15]. https:\/\/www.sanquin.nl\/over-sanquin\/persberichten\/2020\/06\/ongeveer-5-procent-van-bloeddonors-heeft-corona-antistoffen"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R23","unstructured":"van Dissel J. COVID 19 presentation for the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, May 20, 2020 [in Dutch]. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) [cited 2020 Nov 15]. https:\/\/www.tweedekamer.nl\/kamerstukken\/detail?id=2020D19084&did=2020D19084"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2404-8","article-title":"The effect of large-scale anti-contagion policies on the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"584","author":"Hsiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.2306","article-title":"Assessment of deaths from COVID-19 and from seasonal influenza.","volume":"180","author":"Faust","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2405-7","article-title":"Estimating the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in Europe.","volume":"584","author":"Flaxman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2009.00073.x","article-title":"Estimates of US influenza-associated deaths made using four different methods.","volume":"3","author":"Thompson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21065","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2015.20.11.21065","article-title":"Excess mortality among the elderly in European countries, December 2014 to February 2015.","volume":"20","author":"Molbak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.02.011","article-title":"European all-cause excess and influenza-attributable mortality in the 2017\/18 season: should the burden of influenza B be reconsidered?","volume":"25","author":"Nielsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.2307\/4591848","article-title":"Methods for current statistical analysis of excess pneumonia-influenza deaths.","volume":"78","author":"Serfling","year":"1963","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cky251","article-title":"Evaluation of the French reactive mortality surveillance system supporting decision making.","volume":"29","author":"Baghdadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79360","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079360","article-title":"Mortality attributable to influenza in England and Wales prior to, during and after the 2009 pandemic.","volume":"8","author":"Green","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12759","article-title":"The association between influenza infections in primary care and intensive care admissions for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI): A modelling approach.","volume":"14","author":"van Asten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R34","unstructured":"Nivel. Nivel primary care database: weekly numbers [cited 2020 Nov 15]. https:\/\/www.nivel\/nl\/surveillance"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michelozzi P, de\u2019Donato F, Scortichini M, De Sario M, Noccioli F, Rossi P,  Mortality impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak by sex and age: rapid mortality surveillance system, Italy, 1 February to 18 April 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020;25.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.19.2000620"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15849.1","article-title":"COVID-19: exploring the implications of long-term condition type and extent of multimorbidity on years of life lost: a modelling study.","volume":"5","author":"Hanlon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2702.202999-202101221247-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e279","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30090-6","article-title":"Impact assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza in Hong Kong: an observational study.","volume":"5","author":"Cowling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"}],"container-title":["Emerging Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/27\/2\/20-2999_article","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T17:50:04Z","timestamp":1732989004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/27\/2\/20-2999_article.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2702.202999","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6040","type":"print"},{"value":"1080-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}}}