{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:48:33Z","timestamp":1793173713157,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg. Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.3201\/eid2712.210290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T16:56:38Z","timestamp":1637686598000},"page":"2988-2998","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Evaluation of Early Warning, Alert and Response System for Ebola Virus Disease, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2018\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.3201","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Mory","family":"Keita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lo\u00efse","family":"Lucaccioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel Kalongo","family":"Ilumbulumbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Polonsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justus","family":"Nsio-Mbeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaston Tshapenda","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre Celeste","family":"Adikey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Kombe","family":"Ngwama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel Kasereka","family":"Tosalisana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boubacar","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Subissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adama","family":"Dakissaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Finci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Moitinho","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debarati","family":"Guha-Sapir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambrose","family":"Talisuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Delamou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Dagron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Keiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Ahuka-Mundeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1822","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-020-00219-0","article-title":"The rapid assessment and early warning models for COVID-19.","volume":"35","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virol Sin"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13598","article-title":"Quantification of the sensitivity of early detection surveillance.","volume":"67","author":"Cameron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International health regulations (2005). 3rd edition. 2016 Jan 1 [cited 2021 Oct 8]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241580496"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09222-2","article-title":"Use of technology for public health surveillance reporting: opportunities, challenges and lessons learnt from Kenya.","volume":"20","author":"Njeru","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304245","article-title":"Delays in global disease outbreak responses: lessons from H1N1, Ebola, and Zika.","volume":"108","author":"Hoffman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0229","article-title":"Ebola virus disease: rapid diagnosis and timely case reporting are critical to the early response for outbreak control.","volume":"93","author":"Stamm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001804","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001804","article-title":"Strengthening the detection of and early response to public health emergencies: lessons from the West African Ebola epidemic.","volume":"12","author":"Siedner","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002042","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002042","article-title":"Toward a common secure future: four global commissions in the wake of Ebola.","volume":"13","author":"Gostin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2014.09.003","article-title":"Potential for large outbreaks of Ebola virus disease.","volume":"9","author":"Camacho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30193-6","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological performance of WHO Ebola case definitions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"20","author":"Caleo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0147-3","article-title":"Ebola virus disease.","volume":"6","author":"Jacob","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R12","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Case definition recommendations for Ebola or Marburg virus diseases. Interim guideline. 2014 Aug 9 [cited 2021 Oct 1]. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/146397\/1\/WHO_EVD_CaseDef_14.1_eng.pdf?ua=1"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R13","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ground zero in Guinea: the Ebola outbreak smoulders\u2014undetected\u2014for more than 3 months. A retrospective on the first cases of the outbreak [cited 2020 May 28]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/04-09-2015-ground-zero-in-guinea-the-ebola-outbreak-smoulders-undetected-for-more-than-3-months"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1904253","article-title":"The ongoing Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2018\u20132019.","volume":"381","author":"Ilunga Kalenga","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R15","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ebola virus disease\u2014Democratic Republic of the Congo. Disease outbreak news: update 21 May 2020. Geneva: The Organization; 2020."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0256","article-title":"Recommendations for the COVID-19 response at the national level based on lessons learned from the Ebola virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.","volume":"103","author":"Mobula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R17","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ebola and Marburg virus disease epidemics: preparedness, alert, control, and evaluation. 2014 [cited 2021 Aug 5]. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/130160\/WHO_HSE_PED_CED_2014.05_eng.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R18","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Communicable disease surveillance and response systems: guide to monitoring and evaluating. 2006 [cited 2021 Aug 5]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/surveillance\/WHO_CDS_EPR_LYO_2006_2.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Framework for evaluating public health surveillance systems for early detection of outbreaks: recommendations from the CDC Working Group.","volume":"53","author":"Buehler","year":"2004","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R20","unstructured":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. 2014 [cited 2021 Aug 5]. http:\/\/www.R-project.org"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.09.013","article-title":"Recrudescence of Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa, 2014-2016.","volume":"64","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R22","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Event-based surveillance. 2019 [cited 2021 Aug 5]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/globalhealth\/healthprotection\/gddopscenter\/how.html"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R23","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Integrated disease surveillance and response technical guidelines, booklet 1: introduction section. Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo): WHO Regional Office for Africa; 2019."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2208.160205","article-title":"Assessment of community event\u2013based surveillance for Ebola virus disease, Sierra Leone, 2015.","volume":"22","author":"Ratnayake","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000392","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000392","article-title":"The 117 call alert system in Sierra Leone: from rapid Ebola notification to routine death reporting.","volume":"2","author":"Alpren","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01250-2","article-title":"7-1-7: an organising principle, target, and accountability metric to make the world safer from pandemics.","volume":"398","author":"Frieden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R27","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International health regulations (2005): areas of work for implementation. Geneva: The Organization; 2007."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2013.0032","article-title":"IDSR as a platform for implementing IHR in African countries.","volume":"11","author":"Kasolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biosecur Bioterror"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2712.210290-202111171039-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2313.170446","article-title":"Real-time surveillance in emergencies using the early warning alert and response network.","volume":"23","author":"Cordes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Emerging Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/27\/12\/21-0290_article","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T17:49:39Z","timestamp":1732988979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/27\/12\/21-0290_article.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2712.210290","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6040","type":"print"},{"value":"1080-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}}}