{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:30:36Z","timestamp":1787862636992,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg. Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.3201\/eid2909.230409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T21:16:38Z","timestamp":1692825398000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Foodborne Botulism, Canada, 2006\u201320211"],"prefix":"10.3201","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Tchao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Prystajecky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Weedmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yassen","family":"Tcholakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon","family":"Lefebvre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1822","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1086\/444507","volume":"41","author":"Botulism","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00396.x","article-title":"Mechanism of action of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins.","volume":"13","author":"Montecucco","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1086\/592574","article-title":"International outbreak of severe botulism with prolonged toxemia caused by commercial carrot juice.","volume":"47","author":"Sheth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix816","article-title":"Safety and improved clinical outcomes in patients treated with new equine-derived heptavalent botulinum antitoxin.","volume":"66","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz515","article-title":"Safety and clinical outcomes of an equine-derived heptavalent botulinum antitoxin treatment for confirmed or suspected botulism in the United States.","volume":"70","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix811","article-title":"Clinical features of foodborne and wound botulism: a systematic review of the literature, 1932\u20132015.","volume":"66","author":"Chatham-Stephens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12020081","article-title":"Adult intestinal toxemia botulism.","volume":"12","author":"Harris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.31.020180.002545","article-title":"Infant botulism.","volume":"31","author":"Arnon","year":"1980","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-9","unstructured":"Dodds KL.\n                      Clostridium botulinum\n                      in foods. In: Hauschild AHW, Dodds KL, editors.\n                      Clostridium botulinum\n                      : ecology and control in foods. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.; 1993. p. 53."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-10","unstructured":"Hauschild AHW.\n                      Clostridium botulinum\n                      . In: Doyle M, editor. Foodborne bacterial pathogens. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.; 1989. p. 111."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-11","first-page":"191","article-title":"Human botulism in Canada (1919-1973).","volume":"110","author":"Dolman","year":"1974","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-12","first-page":"1141","article-title":"Food-borne botulism in Canada, 1971-84.","volume":"133","author":"Hauschild","year":"1985","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1906.120873","article-title":"Foodborne botulism in Canada, 1985-2005.","volume":"19","author":"Leclair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-14","unstructured":"Government of Canada. Canadian notifiable disease surveillance system (CNDSS) [cited 2020 Sep 28]. https:\/\/diseases.canada.ca\/notifiable"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-15","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Census profile 2016 [cited 2020 Sep 28]. https:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/index-eng.cfm"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-16","unstructured":"Health Canada. National case definition: botulism 2008 [cited 2020 Sep 28]. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/diseases\/botulism\/professionals\/national-case-definition.html"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-17","unstructured":"Government of Canada. HPB methods for the microbiological analysis of foods; MFHPB-16: detection of clostridium botulinum and its toxins in suspect foods and clinical specimens 2009 [cited 2023 Mar 30]. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/food-nutrition\/research-programs-analytical-methods\/analytical-methods\/compendium-methods\/methods-microbiological-analysis-foods-compendium-analytical-methods.html"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-18","unstructured":"Canadian Institute for Health Information. DAD abstracting manual (for use with ICD-10-CA\/CCI), 2014\u20132015. Toronto: The Institute; 2014."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2014.1783","article-title":"Outbreak of type E foodborne botulism linked to traditionally prepared salted fish in Ontario, Canada.","volume":"11","author":"Walton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-20","unstructured":"Government of Quebec. Notice not to consume Vegan Touch brand Alfredo sauce sold at room temperature at some retailers [in French] [cited 2023 Mar 30]. https:\/\/www.quebec.ca\/nouvelles\/actualites\/details\/avis-de-ne-pas-consommer-de-la-sauce-de-type-alfredo-de-marque-vegan-touch-vendue-a-temperature-ambiante-chez-certains-detaillants-33851"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713101","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.713101","article-title":"Foodborne botulism outbreaks in the United States, 2001\u20132017.","volume":"12","author":"L\u00faquez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-22","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Botulism: annual epidemiological report 2016. Stockholm: The Centre; 2016."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12050338","article-title":"Human Botulism in France, 1875-2016.","volume":"12","author":"Rasetti-Escargueil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30550","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.24.30550","article-title":"Botulism in Italy, 1986 to 2015.","volume":"22","author":"Anniballi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2020.1749065","article-title":"Foodborne botulism in eastern Poland: a hospital-based retrospective study and epidemiological data review.","volume":"23","author":"Krzowska-Firych","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Food Prop"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1009.030806","article-title":"Foodborne botulism in the Republic of Georgia.","volume":"10","author":"Varma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.05999-11","article-title":"Distribution of Clostridium botulinum type E strains in Nunavik, Northern Quebec, Canada.","volume":"79","author":"Leclair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2010.03.005","article-title":"Clostridium botulinum in the post-genomic era.","volume":"28","author":"Peck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-29","unstructured":"Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services. Where are we now? [in Inuktitut, English, and French] [cited 2023 Mar 30]. http:\/\/nrbhss.ca\/en\/nrbhss\/public-health\/nunavik-health-surveys\/qanuilirpitaa-2017#topics"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017001677","article-title":"Quantifying associations of the dietary share of ultra-processed foods with overall diet quality in First Nations peoples in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario.","volume":"21","author":"Batal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-020-00353-y","article-title":"Importance of the traditional food systems for First Nations adults living on reserves in Canada.","volume":"112","author":"Batal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maslanka S. Botulism as a disease of humans. In: Foster K, editor. Molecular aspects of botulinum neurotoxin: current topics in neurotoxicity, vol 4. New York: Springer; 2014.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-9454-6_12"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-33","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases; foodborne diseases burden epidemiology reference group 2007\u20132015. Geneva: The Organization; 2015."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.03.013","article-title":"Disease burden from foodborne illnesses in Taiwan, 2012-2015.","volume":"119","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1709.101766","article-title":"Risk-based estimate of effect of foodborne diseases on public health, Greece.","volume":"17","author":"Gkogka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2012.1389","article-title":"Estimates of the burden of foodborne illness in Canada for 30 specified pathogens and unspecified agents, circa 2006.","volume":"10","author":"Thomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-95-4-442","article-title":"Clinical features of types A and B food-borne botulism.","volume":"95","author":"Hughes","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.6.1281","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory comparison of botulism from toxin types A, B, and E in the United States, 1975-1988.","volume":"166","author":"Woodruff","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid2909.230409-202308011101-R-2-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1504\/TBJ.2015.078132","article-title":"Botulism mortality in the USA, 1975-2009.","volume":"3","author":"Jackson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Botulinum J"}],"container-title":["Emerging Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/29\/9\/23-0409_article","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T13:00:18Z","timestamp":1732971618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/29\/9\/23-0409_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2909.230409","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6040","type":"print"},{"value":"1080-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}}}