{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T15:46:07Z","timestamp":1789832767392,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg. Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.3201\/eid3005.231648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T13:01:08Z","timestamp":1712322068000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians\u2014Diagnosis, Clinical Management, and Therapeutics"],"prefix":"10.3201","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gretchen","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Raabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"State of the Clinical Science Working Group of the National Emerging Pathogens Training","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Education Center\u2019s Special Pathogens Research Network2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1822","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ergonual O, Whitehouse CA, editors. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a global perspective. Dordrecht (The Netherlands): Springer; 2007.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6106-6"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl6502","article-title":"Structural basis of synergistic neutralization of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus by human antibodies.","volume":"375","author":"Mishra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Introduction to Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever: managing infectious hazards [cited 2023 Jul 1]. https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/documents\/health-topics\/crimean-congo-haemorrhaigc-fever\/introduction-to-crimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.02.018","article-title":"Current status of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region: issues, challenges, and future directions.","volume":"58","author":"Al-Abri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16189.1","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.","volume":"7","author":"Hawman","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000 Res"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.519","article-title":"An outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the United Arab Emirates, 1994-1995.","volume":"57","author":"Khan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9090462","article-title":"The seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in wild and domestic animals: an epidemiological update for domestic animals and first seroevidence in wild animals from Turkiye.","volume":"9","author":"Nurettin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00530-09","article-title":"Interacting roles of immune mechanisms and viral load in the pathogenesis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever.","volume":"17","author":"Saksida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2022.105244","article-title":"Immunobiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.","volume":"199","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.3390\/v11070590","article-title":"Animal models for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever human disease.","volume":"11","author":"Garrison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"X","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3005.231646","article-title":"State of the Clinical Science Working Group of the National Emerging pathogens Training and Education Center\u2019s Special Pathogens Research Network. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus for clinicians\u2014virology, pathogenesis, and pathology.","volume":"30","author":"Frank","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"X","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3005.231647","article-title":"State of the Clinical Science Working Group of the National Emerging pathogens Training and Education Center\u2019s Special Pathogens Research Network. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus for clinicians\u2014epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and prevention.","volume":"30","author":"Frank","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809990318","article-title":"Initial high rate of misdiagnosis in Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever patients in an endemic region of Turkey.","volume":"138","author":"Tasdelen Fisgin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0182315","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182315","article-title":"Infection prevention and control practice for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever-A multi-center cross-sectional survey in Eurasia.","volume":"12","author":"Fletcher","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000610","article-title":"Biosafety standards for working with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.","volume":"97","author":"Weidmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0009280","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009280","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic performances of ten different immunoassays detecting anti-CCHFV IgM and IgG antibodies from acute to subsided phases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.","volume":"15","author":"Emmerich","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01580","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01580-19","article-title":"Diagnostic testing for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.","volume":"58","author":"Raabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2017.354","article-title":"The development of a novel diagnostic assay that utilizes a pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus for the detection of neutralizing activity against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.","volume":"71","author":"Suda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090781","article-title":"The role of reference materials in the research and development of diagnostic tools and treatments for haemorrhagic fever viruses.","volume":"11","author":"Mattiuzzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2010.540036","article-title":"The Bulgarian vaccine Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus strain.","volume":"43","author":"Papa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.08.003","article-title":"Healthy individuals\u2019 immune response to the Bulgarian Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus vaccine.","volume":"30","author":"Mousavi-Jazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.08.034","article-title":"Immunogenicity of combination DNA vaccines for Rift Valley fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Hantaan virus, and Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.","volume":"24","author":"Spik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005908","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005908","article-title":"A DNA vaccine for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever protects against disease and death in two lethal mouse models.","volume":"11","author":"Garrison","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3390\/v11010075","article-title":"Co-delivery effect of CD24 on the immunogenicity and lethal challenge protection of a DNA vector expressing nucleocapsid protein of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.","volume":"11","author":"Aligholipour Farzani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02076","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02076-16","article-title":"Immunization with DNA plasmids coding for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus capsid and envelope proteins and\/or virus-like particles induces protection and survival in challenged mice.","volume":"91","author":"Hinkula","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00293-9","article-title":"A CCHFV DNA vaccine protects against heterologous challenge and establishes GP38 as immunorelevant in mice.","volume":"6","author":"Suschak","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.09.016","article-title":"Accelerated DNA vaccine regimen provides protection against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus challenge in a macaque model.","volume":"31","author":"Hawman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-00815-6","article-title":"A DNA-based vaccine protects against Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus disease in a Cynomolgus macaque model.","volume":"6","author":"Hawman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121163","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1121163","article-title":"Construction and evaluation of DNA vaccine encoding Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleocapsid protein, glycoprotein N-terminal and C-terminal fused with LAMP1.","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104188","article-title":"Replicating RNA vaccination elicits an unexpected immune response that efficiently protects mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus challenge.","volume":"82","author":"Leventhal","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0156821","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01568-21","article-title":"Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines protect IFNAR-\/- mice against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection.","volume":"96","author":"Appelberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1855","article-title":"Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever virus subunit vaccines induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies but no protection in STAT1 knockout mice.","volume":"15","author":"Kortekaas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081664","article-title":"GEM-PA\u2013based subunit vaccines of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever induces systemic immune responses in mice.","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05352-11","article-title":"Mice orally immunized with a transgenic plant expressing the glycoprotein of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.","volume":"18","author":"Ghiasi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1601030","article-title":"Single-dose replicon particle vaccine provides complete protection against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in mice.","volume":"8","author":"Scholte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.104573","article-title":"Heterologous protection against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in mice after a single dose of replicon particle vaccine.","volume":"170","author":"Spengler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9121491","article-title":"Immunogenicity of a DNA-based Sindbis replicon expressing Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleoprotein.","volume":"9","author":"Tipih","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2021.105090","article-title":"Viral replicon particles protect IFNAR-\/- mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus challenge three days after vaccination.","volume":"191","author":"Spengler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3390\/v11030237","article-title":"Bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BoHV-4) vector delivering nucleocapsid protein of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus induces comparable protective immunity against lethal challenge in IFN\u03b1\/\u03b2\/\u03b3R\u2212\/\u2212 mice models.","volume":"11","author":"Aligholipour Farzani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006628","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006628","article-title":"Nucleocapsid protein-based vaccine provides protection in mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus challenge.","volume":"12","author":"Zivcec","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91516","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091516","article-title":"A novel vaccine against Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever protects 100% of animals against lethal challenge in a mouse model.","volume":"9","author":"Buttigieg","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0156637","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156637","article-title":"Protective effects of a Modified Vaccinia Ankara-based vaccine candidate against Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus require both cellular and humoral responses.","volume":"11","author":"Dowall","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1078045","article-title":"A Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) viral vaccine expressing nucleoprotein is immunogenic but fails to confer protection against lethal disease.","volume":"12","author":"Dowall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7755","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44210-6","article-title":"Vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine protects mice against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.","volume":"9","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.09.009","article-title":"The WHO R&D Blueprint: 2018 review of emerging infectious diseases requiring urgent research and development efforts.","volume":"159","author":"Mehand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11089","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01383-10","article-title":"Pathogenesis and immune response of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in a STAT-1 knockout mouse model.","volume":"84","author":"Bente","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.019034-0","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection is lethal for adult type I interferon receptor-knockout mice.","volume":"91","author":"Bereczky","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix215","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in humanized mice reveals glial cells as primary targets of neurological infection.","volume":"216","author":"Spengler","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0141-7","article-title":"A cynomolgus macaque model for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever.","volume":"3","author":"Haddock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3005.231648-202404050843-R-2-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(88)90113-1","article-title":"The frequency of C5 + cholinesterase in the normal Japanese population.","volume":"175","author":"Oimomi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"}],"container-title":["Emerging Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/30\/5\/23-1648_article","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T13:37:55Z","timestamp":1732887475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/30\/5\/23-1648_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid3005.231648","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6040","type":"print"},{"value":"1080-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}}}