{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:21:13Z","timestamp":1791483673747,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg. Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.3201\/eid3006.231095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T15:02:27Z","timestamp":1716303747000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Incubation Period and Serial Interval of Mpox in 2022 Global Outbreak Compared with Historical Estimates"],"prefix":"10.3201","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Ponce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie M.","family":"Linton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu Han","family":"Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Yuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin N.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei R.","family":"Akhmetzhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Dushoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1822","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About mpox. 2023 [cited 2003 Feb 3]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/poxvirus\/monkeypox\/about\/index.html"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114747","article-title":"Stochastic model for interhuman spread of monkeypox.","volume":"126","author":"Jezek","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/17.3.643","article-title":"The transmission potential of monkeypox virus in human populations.","volume":"17","author":"Fine","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add4507","article-title":"Heavy-tailed sexual contact networks and monkeypox epidemiology in the global outbreak, 2022.","volume":"378","author":"Endo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01436-2","article-title":"Clinical presentation and virological assessment of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in Spain: a prospective observational cohort study.","volume":"400","author":"Tar\u00edn-Vicente","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1012","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00198-5","article-title":"Description of the first global outbreak of mpox: an analysis of global surveillance data.","volume":"11","author":"Laurenson-Schafer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200448","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.24.2200448","article-title":"Estimated incubation period for monkeypox cases confirmed in the Netherlands, May 2022.","volume":"27","author":"Miura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2810.221126","article-title":"Early estimates of monkeypox incubation period, generation time, and reproduction number, Italy, May\u2012June 2022.","volume":"28","author":"Guzzetta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad091","article-title":"Time scales of human mpox transmission in the Netherlands.","volume":"229","author":"Miura","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e073153","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-073153","article-title":"Transmission dynamics of monkeypox in the United Kingdom: contact tracing study.","volume":"379","author":"Ward","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2904.221622","article-title":"2022 Mpox Outbreak Response Team. Serial interval and incubation period estimates of monkeypox virus infection in 12 jurisdictions, United States, May\u2013August 2022.","volume":"29","author":"Madewell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28248","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28248","article-title":"Estimation of the serial interval of monkeypox during the early outbreak in 2022.","volume":"95","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207323","article-title":"Monkeypox virus infection in humans across 16 countries\u2014April\u2012June 2022.","volume":"387","author":"Thornhill","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldad002","article-title":"Monkeypox: a review of the 2022 outbreak.","volume":"145","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R15","first-page":"593","article-title":"A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo.","volume":"46","author":"Ladnyj","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R16","first-page":"347","article-title":"Monkeypox and whitepox viruses in West and Central Africa.","volume":"53","author":"Arita","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92027-5","article-title":"Human monkeypox transmitted by a chimpanzee in a tropical rain-forest area of Zaire.","volume":"1","author":"Mutombo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R18","first-page":"747","article-title":"Monkeypox virus: ecology and public health significance.","volume":"66","author":"Khodakevich","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.428","article-title":"Extended interhuman transmission of monkeypox in a hospital community in the Republic of the Congo, 2003.","volume":"73","author":"Learned","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1610.100713","article-title":"Human monkeypox outbreak caused by novel virus belonging to Congo Basin clade, Sudan, 2005.","volume":"16","author":"Formenty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2406.180017","article-title":"Reemergence of human monkeypox in Nigeria, 2017.","volume":"24","author":"Yinka-Ogunleye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6710a5","article-title":"Emergence of monkeypox\u2014west and central Africa, 1970\u20132017.","volume":"67","author":"Durski","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1086\/505880","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of human monkeypox influenced by route of infection.","volume":"194","author":"Reynolds","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R24","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Director-General\u2019s statement at the press conference following IHR Emergency Committee regarding the multi-country outbreak of monkeypox\u201423 July 2022. 2022 [cited 2023 Sep 18]; https:\/\/www.who.int\/director-general\/speeches\/detail\/who-director-general-s-statement-on-the-press-conference-following-IHR-emergency-committee-regarding-the-multi\u2013country-outbreak-of-monkeypox\u201323-july-2022"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad254","article-title":"Accumulation of immunity in heavy-tailed sexual contact networks shapes mpox outbreak sizes.","volume":"229","author":"Murayama","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38816-8","article-title":"The role of vaccination and public awareness in forecasts of Mpox incidence in the United Kingdom.","volume":"14","author":"Brand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7135e2","article-title":"Modeling the impact of sexual networks in the transmission of monkeypox virus among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men\u2014United States, 2022.","volume":"71","author":"Spicknall","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7135e1","article-title":"Strategies adopted by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men to prevent monkeypox virus transmission\u2014United States, August 2022.","volume":"71","author":"Delaney","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R29","first-page":"13","article-title":"Human monkeypox.","volume":"27","author":"Jezek","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.01.045","article-title":"Epidemiologic characteristics and clinical features of patients with monkeypox virus infection from a hospital in Peru between July and September 2022.","volume":"129","author":"Sihuincha Maldonado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2903.221360","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 incubation period during the Omicron BA.5\u2012dominant period in Japan.","volume":"29","author":"Ogata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu Y, Kang L, Guo Z, Liu J, Liu M, Liang W. Incubation period of COVID-19 caused by unique SARS-CoV-2 strains: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open. 2022;5:e2228008-e.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.28008"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3001.230208","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 incubation period during Omicron BA.5\u2012dominant period, Japan.","volume":"30","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R34","first-page":"73","article-title":"Human monkeypox: disease pattern, incidence and attack rates in a rural area of northern Zaire.","volume":"40","author":"Jezek","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2206.150579","article-title":"Extended human-to-human transmission during a monkeypox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.","volume":"22","author":"Nolen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3001.221663","article-title":"Estimation of incubation period of mpox during 2022 outbreak in Pereira, Colombia.","volume":"30","author":"Estrada Alvarez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2300866","article-title":"Mpox among linked heterosexual casual partners in Bayelsa, Nigeria.","volume":"388","author":"Ogoina","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2210823","article-title":"MPXV transmission at a tattoo parlor.","volume":"388","author":"Viedma-Martinez","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00451-6","article-title":"Transmission dynamics and effect of control measures on the 2022 outbreak of mpox among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in England: a mathematical modelling study.","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200806","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.27.2200806","article-title":"Estimated incubation period distributions of mpox using cases from two international European festivals and outbreaks in a club in Berlin, May to June 2022.","volume":"28","author":"McFarland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R41","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). 2022\u201323 Mpox (monkeypox) outbreak: global trends. Produced 2023 Mar 8 [cited 2023 Mar 10]. https:\/\/worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io\/mpx_global"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/jrsssc\/qlad011","article-title":"Faecal shedding models for SARS-CoV-2 RNA among hospitalised patients and implications for wastewater-based epidemiology.","volume":"72","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.19684","article-title":"Random-effects meta-analysis: summarizing evidence with caveats.","volume":"321","author":"Serghiou","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc9004","article-title":"Serial interval of SARS-CoV-2 was shortened over time by nonpharmaceutical interventions.","volume":"369","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.19.242347","article-title":"Modelling human-to-human transmission of monkeypox.","volume":"98","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00766-3","article-title":"Mpox emergence in Japan: ongoing risk of establishment in Asia.","volume":"401","author":"Endo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800133","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.14.1800133","article-title":"Outbreak of hepatitis A virus infection in Taiwan, June 2015 to September 2017.","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2023-055922","article-title":"Modelling the impact of vaccination and sexual behaviour adaptations on mpox cases in the USA during the 2022 outbreak.","volume":"100","author":"Clay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3006.231095-202405131615-R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.06.028","article-title":"A hospital-related outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 associated with variant Epsilon (B.1.429) in Taiwan: transmission potential and outbreak containment under intensified contact tracing, January-February 2021.","volume":"110","author":"Akhmetzhanov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Emerging Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/30\/6\/23-1095_article","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T18:38:02Z","timestamp":1732905482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/30\/6\/23-1095_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid3006.231095","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6040","type":"print"},{"value":"1080-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}}}