{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T10:09:42Z","timestamp":1792836582130,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg. Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.3201\/eid3114.250630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T02:40:19Z","timestamp":1769136019000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Thrombotic Events and Stroke in the Year After COVID-19 or Other Acute Respiratory Infection"],"prefix":"10.3201","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Caroline Q.","family":"Pratt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra F.","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily H.","family":"Koumans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Agedew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Coronado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Lundeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca C.","family":"Woodruff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason P.","family":"Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Cowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Saydah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"PCORnet Network Partners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1822","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.030630","article-title":"Acute viral illnesses and ischemic stroke: pathophysiological considerations in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"52","author":"Bahouth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0302748","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302748","article-title":"Laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infection triggers for acute myocardial infarction and stroke: Systematic review protocol.","volume":"19","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041747","article-title":"Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke after acute infection or vaccination.","volume":"351","author":"Smeeth","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6007","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13196007","article-title":"Arterial thrombosis in acute respiratory infections: an underestimated but clinically relevant problem.","volume":"13","author":"Babkina","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0261786","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261786","article-title":"COVID-19 is associated with higher risk of venous thrombosis, but not arterial thrombosis, compared with influenza: Insights from a large US cohort.","volume":"17","author":"Ward","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00896-5","article-title":"Risk of acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke following COVID-19 in Sweden: a self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.","volume":"398","author":"Katsoularis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e217498","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.7498","article-title":"Acute ischemic stroke during the convalescent phase of asymptomatic COVID-2019 infection in men.","volume":"4","author":"Tu","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14535","article-title":"Increased risk of acute stroke among patients with severe COVID-19: a multicenter study and meta-analysis.","volume":"28","author":"Siepmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493020972922","article-title":"Stroke in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"16","author":"Nannoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7131a3","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 symptoms and conditions among children and adolescents\u2014United States, March 1, 2020\u2013January 31, 2022.","volume":"71","author":"Kompaniyets","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2022.10.003","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection and increased risk for pediatric stroke.","volume":"142","author":"Vielleux","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e029696","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.029696","article-title":"Risk of cardiovascular disease after COVID-19 diagnosis among adults with and without diabetes.","volume":"12","author":"Koyama","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003147","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03147-2020","article-title":"Inflammation and intussusceptive angiogenesis in COVID-19: everything in and out of flow.","volume":"56","author":"Ackermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.3390\/v13040700","article-title":"Long-COVID and post-COVID health complications: an up-to-date review on clinical conditions and their possible molecular mechanisms.","volume":"13","author":"Silva Andrade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5514","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065514","article-title":"The long term residual effects of COVID-associated coagulopathy.","volume":"24","author":"Ranucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20220016","article-title":"A central role for amyloid fibrin microclots in long COVID\/PASC: origins and therapeutic implications.","volume":"479","author":"Kell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10916-4","article-title":"Risk of stroke and myocardial infarction after influenza-like illness in New York State.","volume":"21","author":"Kulick","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.545","article-title":"Influenza-like illness as a trigger for ischemic stroke.","volume":"5","author":"Boehme","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01689-3","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19.","volume":"28","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0302593","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302593","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular disease outcomes in non-hospitalized medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with COVID-19: Population-based matched cohort study.","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2105911","article-title":"ACTIV-4a Investigators; REMAP-CAP Investigators. Therapeutic anticoagulation with heparin in noncritically ill patients with COVID-19.","volume":"385","author":"Lawler","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e778","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013184","article-title":"COVID-19 and risk of acute ischemic stroke among medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older: self-controlled case series study.","volume":"98","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E51","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd21.230417","article-title":"Public health surveillance in electronic health records: lessons from PCORnet.","volume":"21","author":"Ghildayal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.09.036","article-title":"PCORnet\u00ae 2020: current state, accomplishments, and future directions.","volume":"129","author":"Forrest","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.","volume":"61","author":"von Elm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105935","article-title":"Recurrent ischemic stroke\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"30","author":"Kolmos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e240054","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.0054","article-title":"Short-term and long-term risk of recurrent vascular event by cause after ischemic stroke in young adults.","volume":"7","author":"Verburgt","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R28","unstructured":"Committee on Examining the Working Definition for Long COVID, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Board on Global Health, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. A long COVID definition: a chronic, systemic disease state with profound consequences. Fineberg HV, Brown L, Worku T, Goldowitz I, editors. Washington: National Academies Press; 2024."},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R29","unstructured":"Cuker A. COVID-19: hypercoagulability. 2024 [cited 2024 Oct 31]. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/covid-19-hypercoagulability#H3177214199"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02392-8","article-title":"Rivaroxaban versus no anticoagulation for post-discharge thromboprophylaxis after hospitalisation for COVID-19 (MICHELLE): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial.","volume":"399","author":"Ramacciotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.17272","article-title":"Effect of antithrombotic therapy on clinical outcomes in outpatients with clinically stable symptomatic COVID-19: the ACTIV-4B randomized clinical trial.","volume":"326","author":"Connors","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10837-7","article-title":"Ischemic stroke associated with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"269","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e219","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.030995","article-title":"Acute cerebrovascular events in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.","volume":"51","author":"Rothstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R34","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID-19 clinical treatment clinical care for outpatients. 2024 [cited 2024 Nov 1]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/hcp\/clinical-care\/outpatient-treatment.html"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R35","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Benefits of getting vaccinated. 2024 [cited 2024 Nov 1]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/vaccines\/benefits.html"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2023-323483","article-title":"The role of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing post-COVID-19 thromboembolic and cardiovascular complications.","volume":"110","author":"Mercad\u00e9-Besora","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7301a4","article-title":"Effectiveness of bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in preventing COVID-19-related thromboembolic events among medicare enrollees aged >65 years and those with end stage renal disease\u2014United States, September 2022\u2013March 2023.","volume":"73","author":"Payne","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016013","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1016013","article-title":"Hospital admission and vaccination as predictive factors of long COVID-19 symptoms.","volume":"9","author":"Romero-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33415-5","article-title":"Outcomes among confirmed cases and a matched comparison group in the Long-COVID in Scotland study.","volume":"13","author":"Hastie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R40","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Long COVID basics. 2025 [cited 2025 Apr 29]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/long-term-effects\/index.html"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12162-9","article-title":"The common cold.","volume":"361","author":"Heikkinen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1086\/322627","article-title":"Excessive antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections in the United States.","volume":"33","author":"Gonzales","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R43","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Signs and symptoms of stroke [cited 2024 Oct 24]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/stroke\/signs-symptoms\/index.html"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3114.250630-202601161036-R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765069","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.765069","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing FAST and BEFAST in acute stroke patients.","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"}],"container-title":["Emerging Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T02:40:23Z","timestamp":1769136023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/31\/14\/25-0630_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid3114.250630","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6040","type":"print"},{"value":"1080-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}}}