{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:01:55Z","timestamp":1785294115170,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg. Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.3201\/eid3208.260091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T02:52:17Z","timestamp":1785293537000},"page":"1336-1340","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case-Fatality Risk of Norovirus, England, 2022\u20132025"],"prefix":"10.3201","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Celma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Vivancos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gauri","family":"Godbole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathon","family":"Mellor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1822","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3208.260091-202607282251-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01299.x","article-title":"Risk groups for clinical complications of norovirus infections: an outbreak investigation.","volume":"12","author":"Mattner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3208.260091-202607282251-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy167","article-title":"Estimating the hospital burden of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis in England and its opportunity costs for nonadmitted patients.","volume":"67","author":"Sandmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3208.260091-202607282251-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001318","article-title":"Updated classification of norovirus genogroups and genotypes.","volume":"100","author":"Chhabra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3208.260091-202607282251-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/129.6.709","article-title":"Comparison of three agents of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis by cross-challenge in volunteers.","volume":"129","author":"Wyatt","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3208.260091-202607282251-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vez048","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vez048","article-title":"Emergence of norovirus strains: a tale of two genes.","volume":"5","author":"Parra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Evol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3208.260091-202607282251-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2400625","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.39.2400625","article-title":"Increased circulation of GII.17 noroviruses, six European countries and the United States, 2023 to 2024.","volume":"29","author":"Chhabra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3208.260091-202607282251-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2024.100784","article-title":"Inference of epidemic dynamics in the COVID-19 era and beyond.","volume":"48","author":"Cori","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3208.260091-202607282251-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1010554","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010554","article-title":"Novel methods for estimating the instantaneous and overall COVID-19 case fatality risk among care home residents in England.","volume":"18","author":"Overton","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS Comput Biol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3208.260091-202607282251-R9","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Research. UK\u2019s first norovirus mRNA vaccine trial launched. 2024 Oct 23 [cited 2026 Jan 03]. https:\/\/www.nihr.ac.uk\/news\/uks-first-norovirus-mrna-vaccine-trial-launched"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3208.260091-202607282251-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/1471082X17748083","article-title":"A generalized additive model approach to time-to-event analysis.","volume":"18","author":"Bender","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stat Model"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3208.260091-202607282251-R11","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency. Quality and methodology information: national norovirus and rotavirus reports. 2025 Sep 25 [cited 2026 Jan 03]. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/national-norovirus-and-rotavirus-surveillance-reports-quality-and-methodology-information\/quality-and-methodology-information-national-norovirus-and-rotavirus-reports"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3208.260091-202607282251-R12","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. User guide to mortality statistics. 2025 [cited 2026 Jan 03]. https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/birthsdeathsandmarriages\/deaths\/methodologies\/userguidetomortalitystatisticsjuly2017"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3208.260091-202607282251-R13","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency. UKHSA warns of potential second norovirus wave. 2025 Feb 27 [cited 2026 Jan 03]. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/ukhsa-warns-of-potential-second-norovirus-wave"}],"container-title":["Emerging Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T02:52:18Z","timestamp":1785293538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/32\/8\/26-0091_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid3208.260091","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6040","type":"print"},{"value":"1080-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}}}