{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:45:12Z","timestamp":1792097112003,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg. Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.3201\/eid3211.261234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:58:32Z","timestamp":1792094312000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differentiating Avian and Seasonal Influenza Viruses in Wastewater by Digital PCR"],"prefix":"10.3201","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Paracchini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Petrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Mayo","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Buttinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Marciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marika","family":"Crimaudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calogero","family":"Terregino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Veneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"La Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Suffredini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clementina","family":"Cocuzza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd M.","family":"Gawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Wiesenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Panzarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Marchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1822","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9811","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9811","article-title":"Unprecedented high level of highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds in Europe during the 2025 autumn migration.","volume":"23","author":"European Food Safety Authority","year":"2025","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08054-z","article-title":"The global H5N1 influenza panzootic in mammals.","volume":"637","author":"Peacock","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3889","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03905-2","article-title":"Human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses in the United States from March 2024 to May 2025.","volume":"31","author":"Rolfes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.zu49l21","article-title":"Bird flu antibodies found in cow in the Netherlands, a first outside of U.S.","volume":"\u2022\u2022\u2022","author":"Cohen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R5","unstructured":"European Commission. Commission staff working document. SWD (2025) 393 final. 2025 [cited 2026 Aug 28]. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=celex:52025SC0393"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01940-x","article-title":"Wastewater surveillance of pathogens can inform public health responses.","volume":"28","author":"Diamond","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179706","article-title":"Wastewater-based epidemiology of influenza viruses: a systematic review.","volume":"986","author":"Viviani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2024.307860","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for wastewater monitoring of influenza viruses during the multistate outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle and poultry.","volume":"114","author":"Honein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R9","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO information for the molecular detection of influenza viruses. 2020 [cited 2026 Feb 14]. https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/influenza\/global-influenza-surveillance-and-response-system\/related-documents\/protocols_influenza_virus_detection_jan_2020.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2707.210462","article-title":"Multiplex real-time reverse transcription PCR for influenza A virus, influenza B virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.","volume":"27","author":"Shu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-024-09622-2","article-title":"Evaluation of trends in influenza A and B viruses in wastewater and human surveillance data: insights from the 2022\u20132023 season in Italy.","volume":"17","author":"Mancini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Environ Virol"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500183","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.33.2500183","article-title":"Novel (d)PCR assays for influenza A(H5Nx) viruses clade 2.3.4.4b surveillance.","volume":"30","author":"Buttinger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.4c00331","article-title":"Detection of hemagglutinin H5 influenza A virus sequence in municipal wastewater solids at wastewater treatment plants with increases in influenza A in spring, 2024.","volume":"11","author":"Wolfe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R14","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National wastewater surveillance system analytics data set, year(s), as compiled from data provided through national wastewater surveillance system in the rapid response research and surveillance branch (R3SB) [cited 2026 Aug 14]. https:\/\/data.cdc.gov\/Public-Health-Surveillance\/CDC-Wastewater-Data-for-Avian-Influenza-A-H5-\/mtpu-urpp"},{"key":"key-10.3201\/eid3211.261234-202610151557-R15","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Singleplex digital PCR testing of influenza A, H1pdm09, H3, and H5 from wastewater (Version 1) instructions for use. 2024 [cited 2026 Aug 28] https:\/\/stacks.stanford.edu\/file\/jd535xb1898\/LB-177Rev00D%20-%20Singleplex%20Digital%20PCR%20Testing%20of%20Influenza%20A%2C%20H1pdm09%2C%20H3%2C%20and%20H5%20from%20Wastewater%20-%20Instructions%20for%20Use.pdf"}],"container-title":["Emerging Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:58:33Z","timestamp":1792094313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/32\/11\/26-1234_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid3211.261234","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6040","type":"print"},{"value":"1080-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}}}