{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T05:27:36Z","timestamp":1740202056169,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A speaker&amp;apos;s utterance may convey different meanings to a hearer than what the speaker intended. Such ambiguities can be resolved by emphasizing accents at different positions. In human communication, the utterances are emphasized at a focus part to distinguish the important content and reduce ambiguity in the utterance. In our Focus-to-Emphasize Tone (FET) system, we determine how the speaker&amp;apos;s utterances are influenced by focus and speaker&amp;apos;s intention. The relationships of focus information, speaker&amp;apos;s intention and prosodic phenomena are investigated to recognize the intonation patterns and annotate the sentence with prosodic marks. We propose using the Focus to Emphasize Tone (FET) analysis, which includes: (i) generating the constraints for foci, speaker&amp;apos;s intention and prosodic features, (ii) defining the intonation patterns, and (iii) labelling a set of prosodic marks for a sentence. We also design the FET structure to support our analysis and to contain focus, speaker&amp;apos;s intention and prosodic components. An implementation of the system is described and the evaluation results on the CMU Communicator (CMU&amp;ndash;COM) dataset are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/978-1-61499-258-5-36","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T10:26:53Z","timestamp":1740133613000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Speech and Prosodic Processing for Assistive Technology"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"family":"Narupiyakul Lalita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Keselj Vlado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Cercone Nick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Sirinaovakul Booncharoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","Computational Approaches to Assistive Technologies for People with Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:20:12Z","timestamp":1740136812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.medra.org\/servlet\/aliasResolver?alias=iospressISSNISBN&issn=0922-6389&volume=253&spage=36"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/978-1-61499-258-5-36","relation":{},"ISSN":["0922-6389"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0922-6389","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}