{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T19:13:21Z","timestamp":1760987601356,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>ICD encoded diagnoses are a popular criterion for eligibility algorithms for study cohort recruitment. However, &amp;ldquo;official&amp;rdquo; ICD encoded diagnoses used for billing purposes are afflicted with a bias originating from legal issues. This work presents an approach to estimate the degree of the encoding bias for the complete ICD catalogue at a German university hospital. The free text diagnoses sections of discharge letters are automatically classified using a supervised machine learning algorithm. The automatic classifications are compared with the official, manually classified codes. For selected ICD codes the approach works sufficiently well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/978-1-61499-852-5-141","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:45:03Z","timestamp":1740149103000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Estimating a Bias in ICD Encodings for Billing Purposes"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"family":"Fette Georg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Krug Markus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Kaspar Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Liman Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Dietrich Georg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Ertl Maximilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Krebs Jonathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"St&ouml;rk Stefan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Puppe Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","Building Continents of Knowledge in Oceans of Data: The Future of Co-Created eHealth"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:50:46Z","timestamp":1740149446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.medra.org\/servlet\/aliasResolver?alias=iospressISBN&isbn=978-1-61499-851-8&spage=141&doi=10.3233\/978-1-61499-852-5-141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/978-1-61499-852-5-141","relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9630"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9630","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}