{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:46:35Z","timestamp":1777434395438,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]],"date-time":"2016-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478217600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Argument &amp; Computation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In this paper 1\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    This is a version of a paper originally presented at ArgMAS 2014. we address some limitations with proposals concerning an argumentation scheme for practical reasoning grounded on action-based alternating transition systems augmented with values. In particular, we extend the machinery to enable the proper representation of, and ability to reason with, goals. This allows the more satisfactory representation of certain critical questions, and the means to explicitly record differences between agents as to what will count as the fulfillment of goals and the promotion of values. It also allows us to express desires in terms of values, and to make plain the relation between a change in circumstances and the promotion and demotion of values. Three detailed examples are used to illustrate the additional kinds of problem the extensions allow us to consider.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/aac-160011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]],"date-time":"2016-11-29T11:26:24Z","timestamp":1480418784000},"page":"135-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["States, goals and values: Revisiting practical reasoning"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Katie","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, UK. E-mails:\u00a0,\u00a0"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Bench-Capon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, UK. E-mails:\u00a0,\u00a0"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","unstructured":"V.Aleven, Teaching case-based argumentation through a model and examples, PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 1997."},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2008.11.006"},{"key":"ref003","unstructured":"K.Ashley, Modelling Legal Argument: Reasoning with Cases and Hypotheticals, Bradford Books\/MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990."},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2007.04.009"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.Atkinson and T.Bench-Capon, Taking the long view: Looking ahead in practical reasoning, in: Proceedings of COMMA 2014, 2014, pp. 109\u2013120.","DOI":"10.3233\/978-1-61499-436-7-109"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.Atkinson, T.Bench-Capon and S.Modgil, Argumentation for decision support, in: 17th International DEXA Conference, 2006, pp. 822\u2013831.","DOI":"10.1007\/11827405_80"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-007-9172-2"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/13.3.429"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/exi058"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-011-9173-6"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.Bench-Capon, K.Atkinson and A.Wyner, Using argumentation to structure e-participation in policy making, in: Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems XVIII, Springer, 2015, pp. 1\u201329.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46485-4_1"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.Broersen, M.Dastani, J.Hulstijn, Z.Huang and L.van der Torre, The BOID architecture: Conflicts between beliefs, obligations, intentions and desires, in: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Autonomous Agents, ACM, 2001, pp. 9\u201316. doi:10.1145\/375735.375766.","DOI":"10.1145\/375735.375766"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2007.02.003"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-011-9283-7"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X.Fan, R.Craven, R.Singer, F.Toni and M.Williams, Assumption-based argumentation for decision-making with preferences: A medical case study, in: Proceedings of Computational Logic in Multi-Agent Systems, 14th International Workshop, CLIMA XIV, J.Leite, T.C.Son, P.Torroni, L.van der Torre and S.Woltran, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 8143, Springer, 2013, pp. 374\u2013390. doi:10.1007\/978-3-642-40624-9_23.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40624-9_23"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.91.2.73"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.39.4.341"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.C.Kakas and P.Moraitis, Argumentation based decision making for autonomous agents, in: Proc. of 2nd AAMAS Conference, 2003, pp. 883\u2013890.","DOI":"10.1145\/860575.860717"},{"key":"ref019","unstructured":"A.Marshall, Principles of Economics, Macmillan, 1890."},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.McBurney, I.Rahwan and S.Parsons (eds), Argumentation in Multi-Agent Systems, 7th International Workshop, ArgMAS 2010, Toronto, ON, Canada, May 10, 2010, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 6614, Springer, 2011, Revised Selected and Invited Papers.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12805-9"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2009.02.001"},{"key":"ref022","first-page":"959","author":"Modgil S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Logic and Computation"},{"key":"ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2012.10.008"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19462160903564592"},{"key":"ref025","unstructured":"H.Rackhamet al., The Nicomachean Ethics, W. Heinemann, 1926."},{"key":"ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I.Rahwan and L.Amgoud, An argumentation-based approach for practical reasoning, in: ArgMAS, N.Maudet, S.Parsons and I.Rahwan, eds, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4766, Springer, 2006, pp. 74\u201390.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-75526-5_5"},{"key":"ref027","unstructured":"A.S.Rao and M.P.Georgeff, Bdi agents: From theory to practice, in: ICMAS, V.R.Lesser and L.Gasser, eds, The MIT Press, 1995, pp. 312\u2013319."},{"key":"ref028","unstructured":"J.Raz, Practical Reasoning, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1979."},{"key":"ref029","unstructured":"S.V.Rueda, A.J.Garc\u00eda and G.R.Simari, Argument-based negotiation among bdi agents, Journal of Computer Science & Technology2 (2002)."},{"key":"ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.83.5.1178"},{"key":"ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.van der Weide, F.Dignum, J.J.Meyer, H.Prakken and G.Vreeswijk, Practical reasoning using values, in: Argumentation in Multi-Agent Systems, 6th International Workshop, 2009, pp. 79\u201393.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12805-9_5"},{"key":"ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.L.van der Weide, F.Dignum, J.J.C.Meyer, H.Prakken and G.Vreeswijk, Arguing about preferences and decisions, in: Argumentation in Multi-Agent Systems, 7th International Workshop, 2010, pp. 68\u201385.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21940-5_5"},{"key":"ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Wardeh, A.Wyner, K.Atkinson and T.Bench-Capon, Argumentation based tools for policy-making, in: Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, ACM, 2013, pp. 249\u2013250.","DOI":"10.1145\/2514601.2514640"},{"key":"ref034","unstructured":"M.Wooldridge, An Introduction to MultiAgent Systems, 2nd edn, Wiley, 2009."},{"key":"ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jal.2005.04.006"},{"key":"ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.Wyner, K.Atkinson and T.Bench-Capon, Model based critique of policy proposals, in: Electronic Participation, 4th Int. Conf, 2012, pp. 120\u2013131. doi:10.1007\/978-3-642-33250-0_11.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33250-0_11"}],"container-title":["Argument &amp; Computation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/AAC-160011","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/AAC-160011","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/AAC-160011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:53:47Z","timestamp":1777377227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/AAC-160011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/AAC-160011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/aac-160011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1946-2166","1946-2174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1946-2166","type":"print"},{"value":"1946-2174","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]}}}