{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T21:57:04Z","timestamp":1757455024101,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505088000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Argument &amp; Computation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]]},"DOI":"10.3233\/aac-170030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]],"date-time":"2017-10-06T15:36:41Z","timestamp":1507304201000},"page":"211-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Rhetorical figures, arguments, computation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Randy Allen","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"English Language and Literature, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. E-mail:\u00a0"}]},{"given":"Chrysanne","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Alexis, Fifteen Dogs, Coach House Books, Toronto, 2015."},{"key":"ref002","unstructured":"T.\u00a0Aquinas, Summa Contra Gentiles, Vol.\u00a02, Burns, Oates & Washbourne, London, 1923. Translated by the English Dominican fathers."},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W.\u00a0Bateson, Mendel\u2019s Principles of Heredity: A Defence, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1902.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.87933"},{"key":"ref004","unstructured":"G.\u00a0Carlin, The seven words you can never say on television [recorded by George Carlin], Class Clown [record album], Little David, New York, 1972."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref005","first-page":"155","volume":"6","author":"Chien L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognitive Semiotics."},{"key":"ref006","unstructured":"M.T.\u00a0Cicero, The Orations, Three Volumes, J\u00a0& J Harper, New York, 1833. Translated by W.\u00a0Duncan."},{"key":"ref007","unstructured":"S.F.\u00a0Costa, Concordia captain tells judge how he left stricken cruise ship, The Guardian [Internet], 2012 January 18 [cited 2017 August 2], World: [about 5 screens]. Available from: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/jan\/18\/costa-concordia-captain-stricken-cruise-ship."},{"key":"ref008","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Crosswhite, Rhetoric and computation, in: Symposium on Argument and Computation, 2000 June 27, Bonskeid House, Perthshire, Scotland, 2000."},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Crosswhite, J.\u00a0Fox, C.A.\u00a0Reed, T.\u00a0Scaltsas and S.\u00a0Stumpf, Computational models of rhetorical argument, in: Argumentation Machines: New Frontiers in Argument and Computation, C.A.\u00a0Reed and T.J.\u00a0Norman, eds, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2004, pp.\u00a0175\u2013209.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0431-1_6"},{"key":"ref010","unstructured":"D.\u00a0DeLillo, White Noise, Penguin Books, London, 1999."},{"key":"ref011","unstructured":"B.\u00a0Dole, Great Political Wit: Laughing (Almost) All the Way to the White House, Broadway Books, New York, 2000."},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Dubremetz and J.\u00a0Nivre, Rhetorical figure detection: The case of chiasmus, in: NAACL-HLT Fourth Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Literature, 2014 June\u00a04, Denver, CO, USA, Curran Associates, New York, 2015, pp.\u00a023\u201331. Available from: http:\/\/www.aclweb.org\/website\/old_anthology\/W\/W15\/W15-07.pdf#page=37.","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W15-0703"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Dubremetz and J.\u00a0Nivre, Syntax matters for rhetorical structure: The case of chiasmus, in: Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Literature, NAACL-HLT, 2016 June 1, San Diego, California, 2016, pp.\u00a047\u201353. Available from: http:\/\/www.aclweb.org\/anthology\/W16-0206.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W16-0206"},{"key":"ref014","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Dubremetz and J.\u00a0Nivre, Machine learning for rhetorical figure detection: More chiasmus with less annotation, in: Proceedings of the 21st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics, 2017 May 23\u201324, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2017, pp.\u00a037\u201345. Available from: http:\/\/www.ep.liu.se\/ecp\/131\/005\/ecp17131005.pdf."},{"key":"ref015","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Dumas, Les trois mousquetaires, Dufour & Mulat, Paris, 1849."},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Dumas, The Three Musketeers, Simon & Schuster, New York, 2010, Translation anonymous.","DOI":"10.1093\/owc\/9780199538461.001.0001"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Fahnestock, Rhetorical Figures in Science, Oxford University Press, New York, 1999.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195117509.001.0001"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0741088303020002001"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0741088303261034"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22329\/il.v24i2.2139"},{"key":"ref021","unstructured":"W.\u00a0Faulkner, The Sound and the Fury, Indigo Books, Toronto, 2014."},{"key":"ref022","unstructured":"F.S.\u00a0Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, Charles Scribener\u2019s Sons, New York, 1925."},{"key":"ref023","unstructured":"J.J.\u00a0Gawryjolek, Automated annotation and visualization of rhetorical figures, Master of Mathematics thesis, 2009."},{"key":"ref024","unstructured":"J.J.\u00a0Gawryjolek, R.A.\u00a0Harris and C.\u00a0Di Marco, An annotation tool for automatically detecting rhetorical figures, in: CMNA IX (Computational Models of Natural Argument), Held with IJCAI-09, 2009 July 13, Pasadena, CA, USA, 2009. Available from: https:\/\/computationalrhetoricworkshop.uwaterloo.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/An-Annotation-Tool-for-Automatically-Detecting-Rhetorical-Figures.pdf."},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22329\/il.v22i3.2589"},{"key":"ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5325\/philrhet.46.4.0570"},{"key":"ref027","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Higgins, Bloodthirsty, depraved and tactically brilliant: Why ISIS is the most formidable terrorist group yet, The National Post, 2014 August 16, Sect. A:16."},{"key":"ref028","unstructured":"K.\u00a0Hosseini, The Kite Runner, Riverhead Books, New York, 2003."},{"key":"ref029","unstructured":"D.D.\u00a0Hromada, Initial experiments with multilingual extraction of rhetoric figures by means of PERL-compatible regular expressions, in: Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop Associated with RANLP 2011, 2011 September 13, Hissar, Bulgaria, Incoma Ltd., Shoumen, 2011, pp.\u00a085\u201390. Available from: http:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/academia.edu.documents\/40211240\/Pattern-Based_Ontology_Construction_from20151120-2203-3j5ren.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1501696883&Signature=%2BcuwgOY8T5yGqaCjRXknUi4bU8w%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DPattern-Based_Ontology_Construction_from.pdf#page=95."},{"key":"ref030","unstructured":"B.\u00a0Hutchinson, BC man survives violent encounter with RCMP, The National Post, 2015 July 26, Sect. A:15, A17."},{"key":"ref031","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Java, Characterization of prose by rhetorical structure for machine learning classification, PhD thesis, College of Engineering and Computing, Nova Southeastern University, 2015."},{"key":"ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W.M.\u00a0Johnstone and J.A.\u00a0Johnstone, Brutal Night of the Mountain Man, Pinnacle Books, New York, 2016.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32177-6_6"},{"key":"ref033","unstructured":"J.F.Kennedy and T.Sorenson, The American Presidency Project [Internet], Inagural address, 1961 January 20 [cited 2017 July 31], [about 4 screens]. Available from: http:\/\/www.presidency.ucsb.edu\/ws\/index.php?pid=8032."},{"key":"ref034","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Kerouac, On the Road, Penguin Books, London, 1976."},{"key":"ref035","unstructured":"T.\u00a0King, The Back of the Turtle, Harper Collins, Toronto, 2014."},{"key":"ref036","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Kuprin, The Garnet Bracelet and Other Stories, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow, 1956. Translated by S.\u00a0Apresyan."},{"key":"ref037","unstructured":"C.\u00a0Lamb, The Complete Works in Prose and Verse of Charles Lamb, R.H.Shepherd, ed. Chatto and Windus, London, 1875."},{"key":"ref038","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Lapidos, The hottest rhetorical device of \u201908, Slate [Internet], 2008, September 12 [cited 31 July 2017], Life: [about 4 screens]. Available from: http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/life\/the_good_word\/2008\/09\/the_hottest_rhetorical_device_of_campaign_08.html."},{"key":"ref039","unstructured":"C.\u00a0Liu, The Three-Body Problem, Head of Zeus, London, 2006."},{"key":"ref040","unstructured":"E.B.\u00a0Lytton, Richelieu, or, the Conspiracy: A Play in Five Acts, Routledge, London, 1874."},{"key":"ref041","unstructured":"W.J.\u00a0Mailbag, Sports Illustrated [Internet], 2017 August 2 [cited 2017 August 4]. Available from: https:\/\/www.si.com\/tennis\/2017\/08\/02\/mailbag-novak-djokovic-injury-layoff-roger-federer-us-open."},{"key":"ref042","unstructured":"Malcom X Reference Archive [Internet], Marxist Internet Archive, The Black revolution requires bloodshed, 1963 [cited 31 July 2017], [about 1 screen]. Available from: https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/reference\/archive\/malcolm-x\/."},{"key":"ref043","unstructured":"N.\u00a0Mandela, The Long Walk to Freedom, Little Brown & Co., London, 1994."},{"key":"ref044","unstructured":"W.C.\u00a0Mann and S.A.\u00a0Thompson, Rhetorical structure theory: A theory of text organization, Technical report, USC Information Sciences Institute, 1987. Available from: http:\/\/www.sfu.ca\/rst\/pdfs\/Mann_Thompson_1987.pdf."},{"key":"ref045","first-page":"3","volume":"4","author":"Mendel G.","year":"1865","journal-title":"Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Br\u00fcnn"},{"key":"ref046","unstructured":"G.\u00a0Mendel, Experiments on plant hybrids, in: The Origin of Genetics: A Mendel Sourcebook, C.\u00a0Stern and E.R.\u00a0Sherwood, eds, WH Freeman and Company, London, 1966[1866], pp.\u00a01\u201348. Translated by E.R. Sherwood. Also available (among other sources) from http:\/\/www.mendelweb.org\/."},{"key":"ref047","unstructured":"D.\u00a0Mohammed and M.\u00a0Lewi\u0144ski\u00a0(eds), Argumentation and reasoned action, in: Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Argumentation, 2015 June 9\u201312, Lisbon, Portugal, College Publications, London, 2016. Available from: http:\/\/ecargument.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Arg._Reasoned_Action_Vol.1_Covers_TOC.pdf."},{"key":"ref048","unstructured":"S.\u00a0Omar, Women in Middle East, https:\/\/twitter.com\/OmarjSakr\/status\/805230370945806339, 2016 December 3 6:00\u00a0PM [cited August 9 2017] [Tweet], Available from @OmarjSakr."},{"key":"ref049","unstructured":"S.\u00a0Omar, I just woke up, https:\/\/twitter.com\/omarjsakr\/status\/805548279270285312?lang=da, 2016 December 4 3:04 PM [cited August 9 2017] [Tweet]. Available from @OmarjSakr."},{"key":"ref050","unstructured":"C.\u00a0O\u2019Reilly and S.\u00a0Paurobally, Lassoing rhetoric with OWL and SWRL, Unpublished, 2010. Available from: http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/2095469\/Lassoing_Rhetoric_with_OWL_and_SWRL."},{"key":"ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.\u00a0Perelman, The New Rhetoric and the Humanities: Essays on Rhetoric and Its Applications, D.\u00a0Reidel, Boston, 1979.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-9482-9"},{"key":"ref052","unstructured":"C.\u00a0Perelman and L.\u00a0Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric. A\u00a0Treatise on Argumentation, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN, 1969. Translated by John Wilkinson and Purcell Weaver."},{"key":"ref053","unstructured":"Poetry Foundation [Internet], [cited 2017 August 02]. Available from: http:\/\/www.poetryfoundation.org\/."},{"key":"ref054","unstructured":"R.A.\u00a0Harris, C.\u00a0Di Marco, Constructing a rhetorical figuration ontology, in: Persuasive Technology and Digital Behaviour Intervention Symposium. AISB (Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour) Convention, 2009 April 08, SSAIB, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2009, pp.\u00a047\u201352. Available from: http:\/\/www.aisb.org.uk\/convention\/aisb09\/Proceedings\/PERSUASIVE\/FILES\/Proceedings.pdf."},{"key":"ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O.\u00a0Reboul, The figure and the argument, in: From Metaphysics to Rhetoric, M.\u00a0Meyer, ed. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1989, pp.\u00a0169\u2013181. doi:10.1007\/978-94-009-2593-9_12.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-2593-9_12"},{"key":"ref056","unstructured":"S.\u00a0Ruan, C.\u00a0Di Marco and R.A.\u00a0Harris, Rhetorical figure annotation with XML, in: CMNA XVI (Computational Models of Natural Argument), 2016 July 9, New York, NY, USA. Available from: https:\/\/computationalrhetoricworkshop.uwaterloo.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Rhetorical-Figure-Annotation-with-XML.pdf."},{"key":"ref057","unstructured":"W.\u00a0Shakespeare, The complete works of William Shakespeare [Internet], MIT, 2003, [updated 2000 October 16, 2017 August\u00a02]. Available from: http:\/\/shakespeare.mit.edu\/."},{"key":"ref058","unstructured":"C.\u00a0Strommer, Using rhetorical figures and shallow attributes as a metric of intent in text, Doctoral dissertation, Cheriton, School of Computing, University of Waterloo, 2011."},{"key":"ref059","unstructured":"D.\u00a0Thomas, Quite Early One Morning, New Directions Publishing, New York, 1968."},{"key":"ref060","unstructured":"C.W.\u00a0Tindale, Acts of Arguing: A Rhetorical Model of Argument, State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, 2000."},{"key":"ref061","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Trudeau, Justin Trudeau, for the record: \u2018We beat fear with hope\u2019 [transcript], Macleans [Internet], 2015 October 20 [cited 2017 July 31], Politics: [about 10 screens]. Available from: http:\/\/www.macleans.ca\/politics\/ottawa\/justin-trudeau-for-the-record-we-beat-fear-with-hope\/."},{"key":"ref062","unstructured":"D.J.\u00a0Trump, We can\u2019t continue to allow China to rape our country, CNN [Internet], 2016 May 2 [cited 2017 August 2], Politics: [about 4 screens]. Available from: http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2016\/05\/01\/politics\/donald-trump-china-rape\/."},{"key":"ref063","unstructured":"D.J.\u00a0Trump, My son Donald did a good job, 2017, http:\/\/twitter.com\/realDonaldTrump\/status\/885081181980590084, 2017 July 12 [cited 2017 August 2] [Tweet]. Available from: @realDonaldTrump."},{"key":"ref064","unstructured":"W.T.\u00a0Vollmann, The Royal Family, Viking Penguin, New York, 2000."},{"key":"ref065","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Wolff, Murdoch\u2019s private game, Vanity Fair [Internet], 2007 July 23 [cited 2017 August 2], [about 15 screens]. Available from: http:\/\/www.vanityfair.com\/news\/2007\/09\/wolff200709."},{"key":"ref066","unstructured":"Yakov Smirnoff Miller Lite Commercial, 1985, [Internet], [place unknown], mycommercials, 2007 November 11 [cited 25 July 2017], Video: 30 sec. Available from: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AbP1DVeJCT0."},{"key":"ref067","unstructured":"N.\u00a0Zink, The Wallkeeper, Fourth Estate, London, 2014."}],"container-title":["Argument &amp; Computation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/AAC-170030","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/AAC-170030","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/AAC-170030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T05:27:44Z","timestamp":1741670864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/AAC-170030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/AAC-170030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/aac-170030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1946-2166","1946-2174"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1946-2166"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1946-2174"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]}}}