{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T04:29:20Z","timestamp":1779337760203,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.3233\/aic-160711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]],"date-time":"2016-11-11T10:39:35Z","timestamp":1478860775000},"page":"711-723","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development and selection of decision trees for water management: Impact of data preprocessing, algorithms and settings"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Gert","family":"Everaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Coupure Links 653, B-9000\u00a0Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ine","family":"Pauwels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Kliniekstraat 25, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Bennetsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Coupure Links 653, B-9000\u00a0Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter L.M.","family":"Goethals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Coupure Links 653, B-9000\u00a0Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2009.00568.x","article-title":"Habitat suitability modelling of an invasive plant with advanced remote sensing data","volume":"15","author":"Andrew","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diversity and Distributions"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2006.01584.x","article-title":"Five (or so) challenges for species distribution modelling","volume":"33","author":"Araujo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2012.09.011","article-title":"Characterising performance of environmental models","volume":"40","author":"Bennett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Modelling & Software"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2009.12.005","article-title":"Combining data-driven methods and lab studies to analyse the ecology of Dikerogammarus villosus","volume":"5","author":"Boets","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecological Informatics"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/rra.2658","article-title":"Using an integrated modelling approach for risk assessment of the \u2018killer shrimp\u2019 Dikerogammarus villosus","volume":"30","author":"Boets","year":"2014","journal-title":"River Research and Applications"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref6","unstructured":"L.\u00a0Breiman, J.H.\u00a0Friedman, R.A.\u00a0Olshen and C.J.\u00a0Stone, Classification and Regression Trees, Wadsworth, Belmont, 1984."},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888997000015","article-title":"Simplifying decision trees: A survey","volume":"12","author":"Breslow","year":"1997","journal-title":"Knowledge Engineering Review"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9473(01)00044-5","article-title":"A statistical approach to growing a reliable honest tree","volume":"38","author":"Cappelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3178","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2000)081[3178:CARTAP]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Classification and regression trees: A powerful yet simple technique for ecological data analysis","volume":"81","author":"De\u2019ath","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1179\/acb.2010.108","article-title":"PEGASE, an integrated river\/basin model dedicated to surface water quality assessment: Application to cocaine","volume":"65","author":"Deliege","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Clinica Belgica"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2011.05.004","article-title":"Using multi-target clustering trees as a tool to predict biological water quality indices based on benthic macroinvertebrates and environmental parameters in the Chaguana watershed (Ecuador)","volume":"6","author":"Dominguez-Granda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecological Informatics"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(03)00229-1","article-title":"Using regression trees to identify the habitat preference of the sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) on Rarotonga, Cook Islands","volume":"170","author":"Dzeroski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecological Modelling"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.016","article-title":"Effects of sample survey design on the accuracy of classification tree models in species distribution models","volume":"199","author":"Edwards","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecological Modelling"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2166\/hydro.2010.029","article-title":"Comparison of three data-driven techniques in modelling the evapotranspiration process","volume":"12","author":"El-Baroudy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Hydroinformatics"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2015.12.004","article-title":"An applicability index for reliable and applicable decision trees in water quality modelling","volume":"32","author":"Everaert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecological Informatics"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.013","article-title":"Using classification trees to analyze the impact of exotic species on the ecological assessment of polder lakes in Flanders, Belgium","volume":"222","author":"Everaert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecological Modelling"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2012.12.034","article-title":"Model-based evaluation of ecological bank design and management in the scope of the European Water Framework Directive","volume":"53","author":"Everaert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref20","unstructured":"G.\u00a0Everaert, I.S.\u00a0Pauwels and P.L.M.\u00a0Goethals, Development of data-driven models for the assessment of macroinvertebrates in rivers in Flanders, in: 5th Biennial Meeting of the International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software (iEMSs 2010): Modelling for Environment\u2019s Sake International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (iEMSs), D.A.\u00a0Swayne, W.\u00a0Yang, A.A.\u00a0Voinov, A.\u00a0Rizzoli and T.\u00a0Filatova, eds, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 2010."},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1088-467X(98)00006-7","article-title":"Data preprocessing and intelligent data analysis","volume":"1","author":"Famili","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal on Intelligent Data Analysis"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-009-5147-1","article-title":"A comparison of pruning criteria for probability trees","volume":"78","author":"Fierens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2015.05.025","article-title":"Bayesian belief network models to analyse and predict ecological water quality in rivers","volume":"312","author":"Forio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecological Modelling"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10452-007-9081-7","article-title":"Analysis of macrobenthic communities in Flanders, Belgium, using a stepwise input variable selection procedure with artificial neural networks","volume":"41","author":"Gabriels","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aquatic Ecology"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.limno.2009.10.001","article-title":"Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index Flanders (MMIF) for biological assessment of rivers and lakes in Flanders (Belgium)","volume":"40","author":"Gabriels","year":"2010","journal-title":"Limnologica"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s10452-007-9093-3","article-title":"Applications of artificial neural networks predicting macroinvertebrates in freshwaters","volume":"41","author":"Goethals","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aquatic Ecology"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref27","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Han and M.\u00a0Kamber, Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques, 2nd edn, Elsevier, San Francisco, 2006."},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2009.12.001","article-title":"Application of classification trees and support vector machines to model the presence of macroinvertebrates in rivers in Vietnam","volume":"5","author":"Hoang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecological Informatics"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2006.01.004","article-title":"Ten iterative steps in development and evaluation of environmental models","volume":"21","author":"Jakeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environmental Modelling & Software"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref30","unstructured":"S.E.\u00a0Jorgensen and G.\u00a0Bendoricchio, Fundamentals of Ecological Modelling, 3rd edn, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2001."},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.037","article-title":"Using single- and multi-target regression trees and ensembles to model a compound index of vegetation condition","volume":"220","author":"Kocev","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecological Modelling"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1139\/x03-022","article-title":"Does cross validation provide additional information in the evaluation of regression models?","volume":"33","author":"Kozak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research \u2013 Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.02.098","article-title":"The importance of uncertainties in scenario analyses\u00a0\u2013 A study on future ecosystem service delivery in Flanders","volume":"553","author":"Landuyt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2010.03.009","article-title":"An analytical framework to assist decision makers in the use of forest ecosystem model predictions","volume":"26","author":"Larocque","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Modelling & Software"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02394820","article-title":"Decision-tree and rule-induction approach to integration of remotely sensed and GIS data in mapping vegetation in disturbed or hilly environments","volume":"15","author":"Lees","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environmental Management"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0021-8901.2004.00943.x","article-title":"The effects of species\u2019 range sizes on the accuracy of distribution models: Ecological phenomenon or statistical artefact?","volume":"41","author":"McPherson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Ecology"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2009.02.005","article-title":"Knowledge-based versus data-driven fuzzy habitat suitability models for river management","volume":"24","author":"Mouton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Modelling & Software"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2010.04.017","article-title":"Ecological relevance of performance criteria for species distribution models","volume":"221","author":"Mouton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecological Modelling"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.01.017","article-title":"Post-pruning in regression tree induction: An integrated approach","volume":"34","author":"Osei-Bryson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2009.07.003","article-title":"Application of CART in ecological landscape mapping: Two case studies","volume":"11","author":"Pesch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref41","unstructured":"R Development Core Team, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2015."},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-8152(97)00016-9","article-title":"Delivering environmental decision support systems: Software tools and techniques","volume":"12","author":"Rizzoli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environmental Modelling & Software"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref43","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Schneiders, I.\u00a0Simoens and C.\u00a0Belpaire, Waterkwaliteitscriteria Opstellen voor Vissen in Vlaanderen, INBO, Brussel, 2009 (in Dutch)."},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.\u00a0Soetaert and P.M.J.\u00a0Herman, A Practical Guide to Ecological Modelling. Using R as a Simulation Platform, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2009.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8624-3"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1002\/rra.1199","article-title":"Use of decision tree and artificial neural network approaches to model presence\/absence of Telestes muticellus in Piedmont (North-western Italy)","volume":"25","author":"Tirelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"River Research and Applications"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2009.07.003","article-title":"Use of different approaches to model presence\/absence of Salmo marmoratus in Piedmont (Northwestern Italy)","volume":"4","author":"Tirelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecological Informatics"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2010.03.007","article-title":"Modelling with stakeholders","volume":"25","author":"Voinov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environmental Modelling & Software"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2004.06.015","article-title":"A vulnerability analysis of the temperate forests of South central Chile","volume":"122","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref49","unstructured":"I.H.\u00a0Witten and E.\u00a0Frank, Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 2005."},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/713827180","article-title":"Data preparation for data mining","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Applied Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.3233\/AIC-160711_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.F.\u00a0Zuur, E.N.\u00a0Ieno, N.J.\u00a0Walker, A.A.\u00a0Saveliev and G.M.\u00a0Smith, Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with R, Springer Science+Business, Media, New York, 2009, LLC, 2009.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-87458-6"}],"container-title":["AI Communications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/AIC-160711","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:27:28Z","timestamp":1777400848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/AIC-160711"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Karina","family":"Gibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/aic-160711","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-8452","0921-7126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-8452","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0921-7126","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]}}}