{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:47:11Z","timestamp":1767678431332,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Ontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Modeling functions is a key aspect of artifact design, including software engineering and\n          business systems modeling, but it is likewise of fundamental importance in natural systems\n          modeling, for example in modeling biological organisms. The Unified Modeling Language\n          (UML), which originated from object-oriented software engineering, is nowadays a de facto\n          standard for conceptual modeling and its current applications go far beyond software\n          engineering. The paper investigates first to what extent UML is suited for modeling\n          functions. We survey various approaches to function modeling with UML and identify their\n          limitations. Based on the conducted analysis, we introduce a UML profile for function\n          modeling, called the Function Modeling Language (FueL). FueL enables the modeling of the\n          structure of functions, of relations between functions, such as function decomposition, as\n          well as of function ascription, i.e., of relations linking functions with other types of\n          entities. The main application field that we considered while developing FueL is\n          bioinformatics. Nonetheless, the presented profile is domain-independent and is capable of\n          modeling cross-domain systems. The profile has been tested on fragments of the Molecular\n          Function Ontology, a sub-ontology of the Gene Ontology. In this connection the paper\n          further demonstrates that the applications of FueL transcend the construction of new\n          models, by showing how the profile aids restructuring and refactoring existing models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ao-160167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T03:09:27Z","timestamp":1466651367000},"page":"155-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["FueL: Representing function structure and function dependencies with a UML          profile for function modeling"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Patryk","family":"Burek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leipzig","place":["Germany"]}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Loebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leipzig","place":["Germany"]}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Herre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leipzig","place":["Germany"]}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arp R. & Smith B. (2008). Function role and disposition in basic formal ontology. In P.Lord N.Shah S.Sansone and M.Cockerill (Eds.) Proceedings of the 11th Annual Bio-Ontologies Meeting Vienna July 15\u201316 (pp. 45\u201348). Also: Nature Precedings 1941.1. doi:10.1038\/npre.2008.1941.1.","DOI":"10.1038\/npre.2008.1941.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-2011-0091"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-160166"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/75556"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","unstructured":"Barker R. & Longman C. (1992). Case\u2217Method: Function and Process Modelling. Wokingham England: Addison Wesley."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-140136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5120\/5525-7566"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Borgo S. Carrara M. Garbacz P. & Vermaas P.E. (2011). A formalization of functions as operations on flows. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 11(3) 031007 1\u201314. doi:10.1115\/1.3615523.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3615523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","unstructured":"Bracewell R.H. & Wallace K.M. (2001). Designing a representation to support function-means based synthesis of mechanical design solutions. In S.Culley A.Duffy C.McMahon and K.Wallace (Eds.) Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Engineering Design ICED\u201901 Glasgow Scotland August 21\u201323 (pp. 275\u2013282). Bury St. Edmunds UK: Professional Engineering Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.1983.1654194"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","unstructured":"Britton G. Yimin D. & Beng T.S. (2000). Functional Design: A System Viewpoint. School of Mechanical and Production Engineering Nanyang Technological University: Singapore."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burek P. (2005). Essentialized conceptual structures in ontology modeling. In R.Khosla R.J.Howlett and L.C.Jain (Eds.) Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference KES 2005 Melbourne Australia September 14\u201316 (Part II pp. 880\u2013886). Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007\/11552451_121.","DOI":"10.1007\/11552451_121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","unstructured":"Burek P. (2006). Ontology of functions: A domain-independent framework for modeling functions. Doctoral dissertation Department of Computer Science University of Leipzig Germany."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","unstructured":"Burek P. & Herre H. (2013). Representation realization and ascription of functions for material entities. In M.Horbach (Ed.) Proceedings of INFORMATIK 2013: Informatik Angepasst an Mensch Organisation und Umwelt Koblenz Germany September 16\u201320 (Vol.\u00a0220: Lecture Notes in Informatics pp. 1805\u20131820). Bonn: Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Informatik."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","unstructured":"Burek P. & Herre H. (2015). FueL specification v1.0. Onto-Med report University of Leipzig Germany. Available at: http:\/\/www.onto-med.de\/publications\/2015\/burek-p-2015--b.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","unstructured":"Burek P. Herre H. & Loebe F. (2009). Ontological analysis of functional decomposition. In M.Fujita and V.Marik (Eds.) New Trends in Software Methodologies Tools and Techniques: Proceedings of the Eighth SoMeT_09 Prague Czech Republic September 23\u201325 (pp. 428\u2013439). Amsterdam: IOS Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","unstructured":"Burek P. Loebe F. & Herre H. (2015). A UML profile for functional modeling applied to the molecular function ontology. In F.Couto and J.Hastings (Eds.) Proceedings of the International Conference on Biomedical Ontology ICBO 2015 Lisbon Portugal July 27\u201330 (pp. 12\u201316). Lisbon: University of Lisbon. Also: CEUR Workshop Proceedings (Vol.\u00a01515). Aachen Germany: CEUR-WS.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","unstructured":"Chandrasekaran B. & Josephson J.R. (1998). Representing function as effect. In M.Modarres (Ed.) Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Advances in Functional Modelling of Complex Technical Systems Paris France July 1\u20133 (pp. 3\u201316). College Park Maryland: Center for Technology Risk Studies."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003660070003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeMarco T. (1979). Structured Analysis and System Specification. New York: Yourdon Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-48354-7_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dori D. (2002). Object-Process Methodology: A Holistic Systems Paradigm. Berlin: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56209-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbr002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060408000103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","unstructured":"Eriksson H.E. & Penker M. (2000). Business Modeling with UML: Business Patterns at Work. New York: John Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","unstructured":"Firesmith D. Henderson-Sellers B. & Graham I. (1998). OPEN Modeling Language (OML) Reference Manual. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/62.63160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060409000080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","unstructured":"Grady R.B. (1992). Practical Software Metrics for Project Management and Process Improvement. Englewood Cliffs New Jersey: Prentice-Hall."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guardia G.D.A. V\u00eancio R.Z.N. & de\u00a0Farias C.R.G. (2012). A UML profile for the OBO relation ontology. BMC Genomics 13(Suppl. 5) S3 1\u201319.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-13-S5-S3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerson J. Almeida J.P.A. & Guizzardi G. (2014). Support for domain constraints in the validation of ontologically well-founded conceptual models. In I.Bider K.Gaaloul J.Krogstie S.Nurcan H.A.Proper R.Schmidt and P.Soffer (Eds.) Enterprise Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference BPMDS 2014 and the 19th International Conference EMMSAD 2014 Held at CAiSE 2014 Thessaloniki Greece June 16\u201317 (pp. 302\u2013316). Berlin: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-43745-2_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","unstructured":"Guizzardi G. (2005). Ontological foundations for structural conceptual models. Doctoral dissertation Centre for Telematics and Information Technology (CTIT) University of Twente and Telematica Instituut Enschede The Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guizzardi G. Wagner G. & Herre H. (2004). On the foundations of UML as an ontology representation language. In E.Motta N.Shadbolt A.Stutt and N.Gibbins (Eds.) Engineering Knowledge in the Age of the Semantic Web: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference EKAW 2004 Whittlebury Hall UK October 5\u20138 (pp. 47\u201362). Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007\/978-3-540-30202-5_4.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30202-5_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","unstructured":"Harley H. (2010). Thematic roles. In The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences (pp. 861\u2013862). Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","unstructured":"Hayes P. (1996). A catalog of temporal theories. Artificial Intelligence Technical Report UIUC-BI-AI-96-01 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Herre H. (2010). General Formal Ontology (GFO): A foundational ontology for conceptual modelling. In R.Poli M.Healy and A.Kameas (Eds.) Theory and Applications of Ontology: Computer Applications (pp. 297\u2013345). Heidelberg: Springer. doi:10.1007\/978-90-481-8847-5_14.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-8847-5_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","unstructured":"Herre H. Heller B. Burek P. Hoehndorf R. Loebe F. & Michalek H. (2006). General Formal Ontology (GFO): A foundational ontology integrating objects and processes. Part I: Basic principles (version 1.0). Onto-Med Report Nr.\u00a08 University of Leipzig Germany."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Applying the functional abnormality ontology pattern\n            to anatomical functions","volume":"1","author":"Hoehndorf R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hoehndorf, R., Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. & Kelso, J. (2010). Applying the functional abnormality ontology pattern to anatomical functions. Journal of Biomedical Semantics, 1(4), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Semantics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houkes W. & Vermaas P.E. (2010). Technical Functions: On the Use and Design of Artefacts. Berlin: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-3900-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","unstructured":"Huang Z. & Hu X. (2006). Object oriented modeling of protein translation system. In Y.-Q.Zhang (Ed.) Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing GrC 2006 Atlanta Georgia USA May 10\u201312 2006 (Vol.\u00a01 pp. 353\u2013356). Piscataway New Jersey: IEEE."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hubka V. & Eder W.E. (1988). Theory of Technical Systems: A Total Concept Theory for Engineering Design. Berlin: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-52121-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization and Object Management Group (2012). Information technology\u00a0\u2013 Object Management Group Object Constraint Language (OCL) version 2.3.1. Technical standard ISO\/IEC 19507 ISO Geneva Switzerland and OMG Needham Massachusetts. Available at: http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/OCL\/ISO\/19507\/PDF."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08839519508945465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.3.269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","unstructured":"Keuneke A.M. (1989). Machine understanding of devices: Causal explanation of diagnostic conclusions. Doctoral dissertation Ohio State University Columbus Ohio."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2004.09.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3233\/APO-2006-019","article-title":"An ontological model of device function: Industrial\n            deployment and lessons learned","volume":"1","author":"Kitamura Y.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kitamura, Y., Koji, Y. & Mizoguchi, R. (2006). An ontological model of device function: Industrial deployment and lessons learned. Applied Ontology, 1(3), 237\u2013262.","journal-title":"Applied Ontology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09544820410001697163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-0346(02)00006-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888902000358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08839519408945442"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"An introduction to multilevel flow\n            modeling","volume":"2","author":"Lind M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lind, M. (2011). An introduction to multilevel flow modeling. International Journal of Nuclear Safety and Simulation, 2(1), 22\u201332.","journal-title":"International Journal of Nuclear Safety and Simulation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/APO-2007-031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","unstructured":"Martin J. (1983). Managing the Data-Base Environment. Englewood Cliffs New Jersey: Prentice-Hall."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","unstructured":"Masolo C. Borgo S. Gangemi A. Guarino N. & Oltramari A. (2003). WonderWeb deliverable D18 ontology library (final). Technical report Laboratory for Applied Ontology ISTC-CNR Trento Italy."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McDowell J.K. Lenz T.J. Sticklen J. & Hawley M.C. (1996). Conceptual design of polymer composite assemblies. In J.Sharpe (Ed.) AI System Support for Conceptual Design: Proceedings of the 1995 Lancaster International Workshop on Engineering Design March 27\u201329 (pp. 377\u2013389). Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007\/978-1-4471-1475-8_23.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1475-8_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","unstructured":"Michalek H. (2009). A formal ontological approach to causality embedded in the top-level ontology of GFO (General Formal Ontology). Doctoral dissertation Department of Computer Science University of Leipzig Germany."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","unstructured":"Mizoguchi R. Kitamura Y. & Borgo S. (2012). Towards a unified definition of function. In M.Donnelly and G.Guizzardi (Eds.) Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference FOIS 2012 Graz Austria July 24\u201327 (pp. 103\u2013116). Amsterdam: IOS Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Natale D. Arighi C. Barker W. Blake J. Chang T. Hu Z. Liu H. Smith B. & Wu C. (2007). Framework for a Protein Ontology. BMC Bioinformatics 8(Suppl. 9) S1 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-S9-S1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","unstructured":"Object Management Group (2011a). OMG Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML) Infrastructure version 2.4.1. Technical standard OMG Needham Massachusetts. http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/UML\/2.4.1\/Infrastructure\/PDF."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","unstructured":"Object Management Group (2011b). OMG Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML) Superstructure version 2.4.1. Technical standard OMG Needham Massachusetts. Available at: http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/UML\/2.4.1\/Superstructure\/PDF."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","unstructured":"Object Management Group (2011c). OMG Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) version 2.0. Technical standard OMG Needham Massachusetts. Available at: http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/BPMN\/2.0\/PDF."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","unstructured":"Object Management Group (2012a). OMG Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysML) version 1.3. Technical standard OMG Needham Massachusetts. Available at: http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/SysML\/1.3\/PDF."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","unstructured":"Object Management Group (2016). Semantics of a foundational subset for executable UML models (fUML) version 1.2.1. Technical standard OMG Needham Massachusetts. Available at: http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/FUML\/1.2.1\/PDF."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pahl G. Beitz W. Feldhusen J. & Grote K.H. (2007). Engineering Design: A Systematic Approach (3rd ed.). Berlin: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84628-319-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5840\/monist20048711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060400001633"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodenacker W. (1971). Methodisches Konstruieren. Berlin: Springer. (in German).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-22159-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","unstructured":"Rumbaugh J. Jacobson I. & Booch G. (2005). The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual (2nd ed.). Reading Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","unstructured":"Sasajima M. Kitamura Y. Ikeda M. & Mizoguchi R. (1995). FBRL: A function and behavior representation language. In C.S.Mellish (Ed.) Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence IJCAI 95 Montreal Quebec Canada August 20\u201325 (Vol.\u00a02 pp. 1830\u20131836). San Mateo: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Segerdell E. Bowes J.B. Pollet N. & Vize P.D. (2008). An ontology for Xenopus anatomy and development. BMC Developmental Biology 8 92 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-8-92"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shegogue D. & Zheng W.J. (2005). Integration of the Gene Ontology into an object-oriented architecture. BMC Bioinformatics 6 113 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-6-113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2826962"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","unstructured":"Sommerville I. (2004). Software Engineering (6th ed.). Harlow UK: Addison-Wesley."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","unstructured":"Spear A.D. (2006). Ontology for the 21st century: An introduction with recommendations. Technical report (BFO manual) Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical Information Science (IFOMIS) Saarbr\u00fccken Germany."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1289637"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_1","unstructured":"Suh N.P. (2001). Axiomatic Design: Advances and Applications. New York: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_1","unstructured":"Takeda H. Yoshioka M. Tomiyama T. & Shimomura Y. (1996). Analysis of design process by function behavior and structure. In N.Cross H.Christiaans and K.Dorts (Eds.) Analysing Design Activity (pp. 187\u2013209). Chichester: John Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D258","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh036","article-title":"The Gene Ontology (GO) database and informatics resource","volume":"32","year":"2004","unstructured":"The Gene Ontology Consortium (2004). The Gene Ontology (GO) database and informatics resource. Nucleic Acids Research, 32(Suppl. 1), D258\u2013D261.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_1","unstructured":"The Open Group (2011). TOGAF version 9.1. Technical standard The Open Group Reading UK. Available at: https:\/\/www2.opengroup.org\/ogsys\/catalog\/G116."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_1","unstructured":"Umeda Y. & Tomiyama T. (1995). FBS modeling: Modeling scheme of function for conceptual design. In Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning QR\u201995 Amsterdam The Netherlands May 16\u201319 (pp. 271\u2013278)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vermaas P.E. (2010). Subfunctions as parts of functions: Some formal problems. In Proceedings of the ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference IDETC\/CIE 2010 Montreal Quebec Canada August 15\u201318 (Vol.\u00a01: 36th Design Automation Conference Parts A and B Paper No. DETC2010-28095 pp. 81\u201390). New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). doi:10.1115\/DETC2010-28095.","DOI":"10.1115\/DETC2010-28095"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vermaas P.E. & Garbacz P. (2009). Functional decomposition and mereology in engineering. In A.Meijers (Ed.) Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences (pp. 235\u2013271). Amsterdam: Elsevier. doi:10.1016\/B978-0-444-51667-1.50014-8.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-51667-1.50014-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_1","unstructured":"Vieu L. & Aurnague M. (2005). Part-of relations functionality and dependence. In M.Aurnague M.Hickmann and L.Vieu (Eds.) Categorization of Spatial Entities in Language and Cognition Amsterdam: John Benjamins."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_1","unstructured":"Vila L. (2005). Formal theories of time and temporal incidence. In M.Fisher D.M.Gabbay and L.Vila (Eds.) Handbook of Temporal Reasoning in Artificial Intelligence Amsterdam: Elsevier."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_1","unstructured":"Wirth R. & O\u2019Rorke P. (1993). Representing and reasoning about function for failure modes and effects analysis. In Working Notes of the AAAI-93 Workshop on Reasoning About Function Washington DC 1993 (pp. 188\u2013194)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woods W.A. (1991). Understanding subsumption and taxonomy: A framework for progress. In J.F.Sowa (Ed.) Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in the Representation of Knowledge (pp. 45\u201394). San Mateo California: Morgan Kaufmann.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-0771-1.50007-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10441-005-5353-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_1","unstructured":"Yourdon E. (1993). Yourdon Systems Method: Model-Driven Systems Development. Englewood Cliffs New Jersey: Yourdon Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_1","unstructured":"Yourdon E. & Constantine L.L. (1979). Structured Design: Fundamentals of a Discipline of Computer Program and System Design. Englewood Cliffs New Jersey: Prentice-Hall."}],"container-title":["Applied Ontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/AO-160167","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/AO-160167","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/AO-160167","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:43:04Z","timestamp":1767678184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/AO-160167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/AO-160167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/ao-160167","relation":{},"ISSN":["1570-5838","1875-8533"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1570-5838"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1875-8533"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]]}}}