{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:05:37Z","timestamp":1777431937373,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Ontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Standards and ontologies for manufacturing understand resources differently. Because of this heterogeneity, misunderstandings arise concerning the basic features that characterize them. The purpose of the paper is to investigate how to ontologically model resources with the goal of facilitating the development of knowledge representation models for manufacturing. By reviewing the literature, we discuss and compare three approaches for the representation of resources depending on whether they are conceived in connection to either processes, plans or goals. By addressing the advantages and shortcomings of each view, we present a unifying perspective to enable the modeling of resources in an integrated manner. In this way, the intended meanings of the used notions are harmonized and, as a result, one can facilitate multiple experts to interact e.g., via data sharing and\/or data integration procedures. Differently, by keeping three separated views, there is no guarantee that data coming from different parties will share common meanings even if the same terms are used. By the end of the paper, we present a case study to show the application of our approach and to compare it with an existing ontology for manufacturing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ao-210242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T12:40:50Z","timestamp":1611664850000},"page":"87-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Ontological modeling of manufacturing resources"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Emilio M.","family":"Sanfilippo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISTC-CNR","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Terkaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STIIMA-CNR","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Borgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISTC-CNR","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirpj.2018.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"Alting L. (1982). Manufacturing Engineering Processes. Marcel Dekker."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293X07084642"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arp R. Smith B. & Spear A.D. (2015). Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology. Mit Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262527811.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","unstructured":"Ascheri A. (2016). Powertrain assembly lines automatic configuration using a knowledge based engineering approach. PhD thesis Politecnico di Torino."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ascheri A. Colombo G. Ippolito M. Atzeni E. & Furini F. (2014). Feasibility of an assembly line layout automatic configuration based on a KBE approach. In Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Innovative Design and Manufacturing (ICIDM) (pp. 324\u2013329). doi:10.1109\/IDAM.2014.6912715.","DOI":"10.1109\/IDAM.2014.6912715"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2011.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2015.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.08.241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2005.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/095119298130985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-140137"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Borgo S. & Masolo C. (2009). Foundational choices in DOLCE. In S.Staab and R.Studer (Eds.) Handbook on Ontologies (pp. 361\u2013381). Springer. doi:10.1007\/978-3-540-92673-3_16.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92673-3_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-2011-0085"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borgo S. Sanfilippo E.M. \u0160oji\u0107 A. & Terkaj W. (2015). Ontological analysis and engineering standards: An initial study of IFC. In V.Ebrahimipour and S.Yacout (Eds.) Ontology Modeling in Physical Asset Integrity Management (pp.\u00a017\u201343). Cham: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-15326-1_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Borgo S. & Vieu L. (2009). Artefacts in formal ontology. In Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences (pp. 273\u2013307). Elsevier. doi:10.1016\/B978-0-444-51667-1.50015-X.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-51667-1.50015-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casati R. Varzi A.C. et al.\u00a0(1999). Parts and Places: The Structures of Spatial Representation. Mit Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5253.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(98)00056-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chryssolouris G. (1992). The operation of manufacturing systems. In Manufacturing Systems: Theory and Practice (pp. 321\u2013413). New York NY: Springer New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2213-0_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Colledani M. Terkaj W. Tolio T. & Tomasella M. (2008). Development of a conceptual reference framework to manage manufacturing knowledge related to products processes and production systems. In A.Bernard and S.Tichkiewitch (Eds.) Methods and Tools for Effective Knowledge Life-Cycle-Management (pp. 259\u2013284). Springer. doi:10.1007\/978-3-540-78431-9_15.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78431-9_15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","unstructured":"Dassisti M. Panetto H. Tursi A. & De Nicol\u00f2 M. (2008). Ontology-based model for production-control systems interoperability. In The 5th CIRP Digital Enterprise Technology Conference (pp. 527\u2013543)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","unstructured":"de\u00a0Farias T.M. Roxin A. & Nicolle C. (2015). IfcWoD semantically adapting IFC model relations into OWL properties. CoRR. abs\/1511.03897. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1511.03897."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"A review of function modeling: Approaches and applications","volume":"22","author":"Erden M.S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Erden, M.S., Komoto, H., van Beek, T.J., D\u2019Amelio, V., Echavarria, E. & Tomiyama, T. (2008). A review of function modeling: Approaches and applications. Ai Edam, 22(2), 147\u2013169.","journal-title":"Ai Edam"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09544828.2011.597376"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jcit.2009072101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcninger M. (2009b). Using the PSL ontology. In S.Staab and R.Studer (Eds.) Handbook on Ontologies (pp. 423\u2013443). Springer. doi:10.1007\/978-3-540-92673-3_19.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92673-3_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcninger M. (n.d.). COLORE. https:\/\/github.com\/gruninger\/colore."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","unstructured":"Guarino N. & Sanfilippo E.M. (2019). Characterizing IOF terms with the DOLCE and UFO ontologies. In Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops 2019 (JOWO). CEUR Workshop Proceedings (Vol.\u00a02518)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-150157"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","unstructured":"IEC (2013). IEC 62264-1: Enterprise control system integration \u2013 part 1: Models and terminology. https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/57308.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","unstructured":"ISO (2004a). ISO 15531-1: Industrial automation systems and integration \u2013 industrial manufacturing management data \u2013 part 1: General Overview. https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/28144.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","unstructured":"ISO (2004b). ISO 15531-31: Industrial automation systems and integration \u2013 industrial manufacturing management data \u2013 part 31: Resource information model. https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/31583.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","unstructured":"ISO (2018). ISO 20534: Industrial automation systems and integration \u2013 formal semantic models for the configuration of global production networks. https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/68274.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2018.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-018-1427-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2010.03.123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kamrani A.K. & Vijayan A. (2008). Template-based integrated design: A case study. In A.K.Kamrani and E.S.A.Nasr (Eds.) Collaborative Engineering: Theory and Practice (pp. 19\u201341). Boston MA: Springer. doi:10.1007\/978-0-387-47321-5_2.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-47321-5_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060413000267"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","unstructured":"Lemaignan S. Siadat A. Dantan J.-Y. & Semenenko A. (2006). MASON: A proposal for an ontology of manufacturing domain. In IEEE Workshop on Distributed Intelligent Systems: Collective Intelligence and Its Applications (DIS\u201906) (pp. 195\u2013200). IEEE."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","unstructured":"Liebich T. Adachi Y. Forester J. Hyvarinen J. Richter S. Chipman T. Weise M. & Wix J. (2013). Industry foundation classes IFC4 official release. https:\/\/standards.buildingsmart.org\/IFC\/DEV\/IFC4_3\/RC2\/HTML\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/APO-2007-031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","unstructured":"Masolo C. Borgo S. Gangemi A. Guarino N. Oltramari A. & Schneider L. (2003). DOLCE: A descriptive ontology for linguistic and cognitive engineering. WonderWeb project deliverable D18."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13164-020-00475-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","unstructured":"Masolo C. Vieu L. Bottazzi E. Catenacci C. Ferrario R. Gangemi A. Guarino N. et al.\u00a0(2004). Social roles and their descriptions. In KR (pp. 267\u2013277)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-150148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-160165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mumford S. (2003). Dispositions. Clarendon Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199259823.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-190210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-010-3115-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanfilippo E.M. Benavent S. Borgo S. Guarino N. Troquard N. Romero F. Rosado P. Solano L. Belkadi F. & Bernard A. (2018). Modeling manufacturing resources: An ontological approach. In IFIP International Conference on Product Lifecycle Management (pp. 304\u2013313). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01614-2_28"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","unstructured":"Sanfilippo E.M. Terkaj W. & Borgo S. (2019). Resources in manufacturing. In Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops 2019 (JOWO). CEUR Workshop Proceedings (Vol.\u00a02518)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2020.01.244"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"An ontology for integrated machining and inspection process planning focusing on resource capabilities","volume":"29","author":"Solano L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Solano, L., Romero, F. & Rosado, P. (2016). An ontology for integrated machining and inspection process planning focusing on resource capabilities. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 29(1), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0951192X.2013.834480"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirpj.2019.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","unstructured":"Terkaj W. & Urgo M. (2012). Virtual factory data model to support performance evaluation of production systems. In CEUR Workshop Proceedings (Vol.\u00a0886 pp.\u00a044\u201358)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2020.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0951192X.2013.800948"}],"container-title":["Applied Ontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/AO-210242","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/AO-210242","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/AO-210242","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:46:18Z","timestamp":1777376778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/AO-210242"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/AO-210242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/ao-210242","relation":{},"ISSN":["1570-5838","1875-8533"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1570-5838","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8533","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]}}}