{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:44:18Z","timestamp":1772757858835,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643685502","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Traffic control systems, encompassing both air traffic control (ATC) and vessel traffic service (VTS), play a pivotal role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of transportation across aviation and maritime domains. High situation awareness (SA), which includes the ability to perceive information (Level 1 SA), comprehend the meaning (Level 2 SA), and predict future states (Level 3 SA), is crucial for traffic controllers to manage their respective traffic environments effectively under various workload conditions. Eye-tracking (ET) is a prominent physiological method to quantitatively assess operators\u2019 cognitive workload and situation awareness as eye movements are closely related to one\u2019s attention and information-processing mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the effects of SA levels and workload conditions on traffic controllers\u2019 eye movement patterns using ET technology. Using ATC as a case study, experiments were conducted to collect eye movement data of 26 participants while they monitored aircraft on a simulated radar screen and answered freeze-probe queries of different SA levels (Level 1 and Level 2). Workload conditions were varied by the number of aircraft participants needed to monitor. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed significant main effects and interaction effects of SA and workload levels on certain ET metrics (e.g., total fixation duration, average fixation duration). This study contributes insights that could enhance the existing knowledge of SA levels in traffic control tasks and reinforce the evidence base linking eye movements and cognitive processes. Applying these insights to maintain optimal SA could reduce human error and elevate safety standards across different transportation sectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/atde240882","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T10:16:10Z","timestamp":1733307370000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Eye-Tracking Insights into Traffic Controllers\u2019 Situation Awareness Levels and Workload Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hsien","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziqing","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering","Engineering For Social Change"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/ATDE240882","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T10:16:11Z","timestamp":1733307371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/ATDE240882"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"ISBN":["9781643685502"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/atde240882","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-751X","2352-7528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-751X","type":"print"},{"value":"2352-7528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]}}}