{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:36:21Z","timestamp":1785371781531,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Data Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is public and scholarly debate about the effects of personalized recommender\n          systems implemented in online social networks, online markets, and search engines. Some\n          have warned that personalization algorithms reduce the diversity of information diets\n          which confirms users\u2019 previously held attitudes and beliefs. This, in turn, fosters the\n          emergence opinion polarization. Critics of this personalization-polarization hypothesis\n          argue that the effects of personalization on information diets are too weak to have\n          meaningful effects. Here, we show that contributions to both sides of the debate fail to\n          consider the complexity that arises when large numbers of interdependent individuals\n          interact and exert influence on one another in algorithmically governed communication\n          systems. Summarizing insights derived from formal models of social networks, we\n          demonstrate that opinion dynamics can be critically influenced by mechanisms active on\n          three levels of analysis: the individual, local, and global level. We show that\n          theoretical and empirical research on these three levels is needed before one can\n          determine whether personalization actually fosters polarization or not. We describe how\n          the complexity approach can be used to anticipate and prevent undesired effects of\n          communication technology on public debate and democratic decision-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ds-220054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T13:47:26Z","timestamp":1646401646000},"page":"139-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The complex link between filter bubbles and opinion          polarization"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7585-062X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marijn A.","family":"Keijzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, University of Toulouse 1 Capitole,\r          France"},{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,\r          Department of Sociology, Institute of Technology Futures, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9416-3211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"M\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,\r          Department of Sociology, Institute of Technology Futures, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022381608080493"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L.A.\u00a0Adamic and N.\u00a0Glance The political blogosphere and the 2004 U.S. election: Divided they blog in: 3rd International Workshop on Link Discovery Chicago Illinois August 21\u201325 Association of Computing Machinery 2005 pp.\u00a036\u201343.doi:10.1145\/1134271.1134277","DOI":"10.1145\/1134271.1134277"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20190658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.A.\u00a0Bail Breaking the social media prism: How to make our platforms less polarizing Princeton University Press Princeton New Jersey 2021. 9780691203423","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv18zhdhg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1804840115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa1160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0022250X.2018.1517761"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Y.\u00a0Bar-Yam Dynamics of Complex Systems Westview Press 2003 848\u00a0p. 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