{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:28:21Z","timestamp":1705537701630},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643684765","type":"print"},{"value":"9781643684772","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper aims to analyze the phenomenon of inapplicability of experience, which means that sometimes we make mistakes when we use our past experience to solve current problems. We propose a knowledge model based on the concept of \u201cdark-matter\u201d, which is a term used to describe the time-related data that is hidden from our observation. We use a two-dimensional matrix to represent both time-related and non-time-related data, and we call it space. We also introduce the concept of parallel spaces, which are composed of several spaces that can explain different situations and outcomes. We use case studies to illustrate how knowledge is generated and expressed using \u201cdark-matter\u201d and parallel spaces. We also reveal the reason for the inapplicability of experience and suggest some solutions. The contribution of this paper is that we provide a new perspective and a new model to understand and process knowledge based on \u201cdark-matter\u201d and parallel spaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/faia231161","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T09:22:19Z","timestamp":1705483339000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Knowledge Model Based on \u201cDark-Matter\u201d and Parallel Spaces"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"given":"Xing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information & Computer Sciences, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Japan"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Kiyoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Japan"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXXV"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/FAIA231161","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T09:22:20Z","timestamp":1705483340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/FAIA231161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"ISBN":["9781643684765","9781643684772"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/faia231161","relation":{},"ISSN":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0922-6389","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-8314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]}}}