{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T04:29:20Z","timestamp":1729225760107,"version":"3.27.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643685489","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the conundrum of human cooperation has been declared one of the century\u2019s grand challenges. Traditionally, the evolution of cooperative action in nature is analyzed through the lens of Evolutionary Game Theory, specifically, using the social learning framework, a model for Darwinian competition. However, more complex individuals may resort to more sophisticated learning rules such as Counterfactual Thinking (CT). Given these individuals\u2019 cognitive empowerment, the question of how the presence of counterfactuals influences the evolution of cooperation in a hybrid population of these complex agents and social learners. Here we explore how cooperation emerges from the interplay of different strategy revision paradigms by analyzing large-scale Markov processes. We find that increasing the prevalence of CT individuals can promote cooperation, but such an increase is non-monotonous. Moreover, whereas counterfactual reasoning generally fosters cooperation, it fails to promote such behaviour among counterfactuals. Lastly, we find that increasing the population\u2019s heterogeneity level enhances cooperation among social learners, but again not among counterfactuals. This indicates that, under certain circumstances, the presence of more sophisticated agents may help promote cooperation in hybrid populations. The proposed study may come as a starting point for a more profound understanding of agents\u2019 counterfactual rationality impact on hybrid populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/faia240902","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T13:39:56Z","timestamp":1729172396000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Counterfactual Thinking in Stochastic Dynamics of Cooperation"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID and Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco C.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID and Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID and Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","ECAI 2024"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/FAIA240902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T13:39:56Z","timestamp":1729172396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/FAIA240902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"ISBN":["9781643685489"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/faia240902","relation":{},"ISSN":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0922-6389","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-8314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]}}}