{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T04:36:37Z","timestamp":1773376597971,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643685670","type":"print"},{"value":"9781643685687","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the following work, we introduce the mathematical and theoretical underpinnings of dynamical systems theory and enactivism and extend them to child-robot interaction. We believe this approach leads to more tangible methods for studying such interactions. Dynamical Systems Theory (DST) are described and applied through Participatory Sense-Making (PSM), an enactive approach to social cognition. While PSM does well to lay out a new level of analysis for social interactions between humans, robots don\u2019t cleanly fit in. We propose here that a child\u2019s perception of a robot as a genuine sense-maker allows the interaction process to be considered a dynamic and coupled system. Perceived sociality is integral to creating and sustaining a meaningfully dynamic interaction, and we call for finer distinctions to that end while studying child-robot interaction. Our proposed spectrum of perceived sociality, informed and grounded by a dynamical systems approach to child development and theories aimed at socially categorizing a robot interactor, such as sociomorphing, operationalizes the study of child-robot interactions. This approach enhances dynamical and enactive systems methodologies in developmental research and human-robot interaction studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/faia241495","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T13:51:21Z","timestamp":1738763481000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Spectrum of Perceived Sociality: A Dynamical and Enactive Centering of Interactions Between Children and Robots"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6964-8441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leigh","family":"Levinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Informatics and Cognitive Science, Indiana University Bloomington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"McGraw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Informatics and Cognitive Science, Indiana University Bloomington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Honda Research Institute, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"\u0160abanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Informatics and Cognitive Science, Indiana University Bloomington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","Social Robots with AI: Prospects, Risks, and Responsible Methods"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/FAIA241495","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T13:51:21Z","timestamp":1738763481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/FAIA241495"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"ISBN":["9781643685670","9781643685687"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/faia241495","relation":{},"ISSN":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0922-6389","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-8314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]}}}