{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T06:13:24Z","timestamp":1774332804543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643686172","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Complex systems are full of unpredictable and uncertain behaviours that depend on many factors. Various fields of science have set themselves the task of studying these systems and predicting their behaviour under various premises with the help of computer models. Kwakkel et al. [1] published an uncertainty matrix to systematically record and communicate uncertainties about systems. This paper takes up the matrix, analyses the concepts of model and uncertainty in literature, and models them ontologically in the Modelling Uncertainties Ontology (MUNO), a BFO-based mid-level ontology for modelling uncertainties in models for many domains. MUNO is evaluated against requirements and competency questions. Based on the ontology, an RDF-shape is created and used as an example in a case study to annotate the uncertainties for an energy system model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/faia250499","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T15:33:53Z","timestamp":1756827233000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Modelling Model Uncertainties Ontologically"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3722-5564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirjam","family":"Stappel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8938-5204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Till","family":"Mossakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1058-3102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Neuhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8081-8834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Berendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reiner Lemoine Institute, Berlin, Germany"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","Formal Ontology in Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/FAIA250499","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T15:33:53Z","timestamp":1756827233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/FAIA250499"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"ISBN":["9781643686172"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/faia250499","relation":{},"ISSN":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0922-6389","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-8314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]}}}