{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T15:20:48Z","timestamp":1758640848308,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643686110","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing integration of conversational agents into interactive environments has prompted the investigation of methods to enhance user experience. This study explores how varying levels of real-time gaze awareness influence interactions with LLM-based conversational agents within a Virtual Reality (VR) art exhibition. Fifty-one participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups, each experiencing a VR exhibition featuring five paintings and interacting with a conversational agent. The groups differed based on the agent\u2019s gaze-awareness capabilities: 1) identifying the painting the user was viewing, 2) responding based on specific areas within a painting, and 3) analyzing detailed gaze patterns, including fixation counts, area transitions, and dwell times. Results revealed that participants in the third group, where detailed gaze pattern analysis was employed, perceived their interactions as significantly more personalized and collaborative. However, this did not lead to measurable differences in reported enjoyment, engagement, or perceived gaze awareness compared to the other conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/faia250634","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T14:36:11Z","timestamp":1758638171000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-Time Gaze Awareness in Conversational Agents: Enhancing Collaboration and Personalization in VR Art Experiences"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8266-8395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delaram","family":"Javdani Rikhtehgar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0583-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shenghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3282-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Schlobach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4288-3334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Heylen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","HHAI 2025"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/FAIA250634","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T14:36:12Z","timestamp":1758638172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/FAIA250634"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"ISBN":["9781643686110"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/faia250634","relation":{},"ISSN":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0922-6389","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-8314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]}}}