{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:35:32Z","timestamp":1777685732156,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The rise in global travel has led to an increased need for heightened security measures at airports. Despite the best efforts of airport security officers, in the past year, hundreds of kilograms of illegal drugs and thousands of agricultural invasive species have found their way into the country, posing a severe threat to public safety and the environment. Moreover, human threats pose a significant risk to civil aviation, reinforcing the need for advanced security technology. In response to these challenges, NOSI (Novel Odor Sensing Intelligence) and ROSI (Reconnaissance Operations Security Intelligence), intelligence surveillance systems consisting of semi-autonomous controller-responder robots, were developed as a proof of concept to supplement the efforts of security and K-9 (police dogs) operators at airports. NOSI is equipped with multi-channel gas sensors for odor detection, enabling it to identify illegal drugs and invasive species in the baggage handling process, while ROSI is equipped with computer vision to identify individuals already in the government\u2019s database of persons of interest. These coordinated robots also provide travelers with important information pertaining to their journey and allow them to trigger emergency alerts. The robots were tested in a custom-designed test bed that replicated both the behind-the-scenes baggage handling and front-office customer service operations of an airport, thus simulating a realistic airport-like setting. Based on design criteria, NOSI and ROSI demonstrated success rates of 73.4 percent and 69.8 percent, respectively. Improvements in areas of robot stability, sensor accuracy, and feature expansion were documented for further development. In conclusion, the NOSI and ROSI framework can enhance the efficiency and accuracy of airport infrastructure monitoring and supplement the capabilities of human and K9 operators. Overall, this approach can potentially revolutionize operations in various infrastructures and represents the future of human-robot collaboration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/his-230017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T11:53:35Z","timestamp":1703850815000},"page":"1-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel odor sensing intelligence and surveillance capabilities in controller-responder robots"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Serena","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Clara High School, Santa Clara, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajith","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/HIS-230017_ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unintended Consequences: Why the Biden Administration\u2019s Proposed Aviation Consumer Protection Initiatives Will Worsen the Air Travel Environment.","volume":"35","author":"Deutsch","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Air and Space."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/HIS-230017_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13238","article-title":"Toward an epidemiology of safety and security risks: an organizational vulnerability assessment in international airports","volume":"39","author":"Bongiovanni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/HIS-230017_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azac010","article-title":"Duty free: Turning the criminological spotlight on special economic zones","volume":"63","author":"Hall","year":"2023","journal-title":"The British Journal of Criminology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HIS-230017_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.13267","article-title":"Invasion success and impacts depend on different characteristics in non-native plants","volume":"27","author":"Ni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Divers Distrib."},{"issue":"1517","key":"10.3233\/HIS-230017_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2327","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the impacts of exotic plant invasions","volume":"270","author":"Levine","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/HIS-230017_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CONFLUENCE.2016.7508119"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/HIS-230017_ref14","first-page":"18","article-title":"Post pandemic \u2018revenge travel\u2019: developing organizations to address staff shortage","volume":"37","author":"Jeffrey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/HIS-230017_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312719870868","article-title":"The many lives of border automation: Turbulence, coordination and care","volume":"49","author":"Lisle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/HIS-230017_ref18","first-page":"559","article-title":"The Sky\u00e2\u0080\u0099s the Limit: A Modern Approach to Airport Security","volume":"56","author":"Simbro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ariz. 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