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To enhance search efficiency and solution quality, an environmental suitability analysis is conducted to identify alignment-favorable regions (AFRs), focusing the subsequent alignment search on these areas. Firstly, a density-based clustering algorithm (DBSCAN) and a specific criterion are customized to distinguish AFR distribution patterns: continuously-distributed AFRs, obstructed effects, and IIEs. Secondly, a study area characterized by IIEs is represented with a semantic topological map (STM), integrating between-island and within-island paths. Specifically, between-island paths are derived through a multi-directional scanning strategy, while within-island paths are optimized using a Floyd-Warshall algorithm. To this end, the intricate alignment optimization problem is simplified into a shortest path problem, tackled with conventional shortest path algorithms (of which Dijkstra\u2019s algorithm is adopted in this work). Lastly, the proposed method is applied to a real case in a mountainous region with karst landforms. Numerical results indicate its superior performance in both construction costs and environmental suitability compared to human designers and a prior alignment optimization method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ica-240739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T12:53:29Z","timestamp":1713531209000},"page":"421-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Railway alignment optimization in regions with densely-distributed obstacles based on semantic topological maps"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Xinjie","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Schonfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"}]},{"given":"Taoran","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"}]},{"given":"Lihui","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co. 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