{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:49:15Z","timestamp":1777697355299,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IDT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last several decades advancement in UAV technology has formed an important part of recent research. Nowadays, these flying robots are a great aid and even replace humans in many types of critical activities such as surveillance, fire protection, search &amp; rescue (SAR), etc. In this paper, we study the design of SAR system using autonomous quadrotors UAVs. The developed system attempts to maximize the probability of target detection and minimize the expected search time while also minimizing the number of UAVs required. It is also adapted to counter UAV failures by re-configuring the UAVs to optimally continue the mission. Furthermore the SAR system algorithms are designed to accomplish the mission with a minimum amount of control information to be passed between UAVs. Finally a case study of survivor search and rescue operations is provided along with the obtained results which confirm the efficiency of the designed system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/idt-190138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T12:36:49Z","timestamp":1608035809000},"page":"553-564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Design of search and rescue system using autonomous Multi-UAVs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kheireddine","family":"Choutri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aeronautical and Spatial Studies, University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lagha","family":"Mohand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aeronautical and Spatial Studies, University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Dala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/IDT-190138_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.09.025","article-title":"The potential use of unmanned aircraft systems (drones) in mountain search and rescue operations","volume":"36","author":"Karaca","year":"2018","journal-title":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-190138_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2017.09.013","article-title":"A novel cooperative localization algorithm using enhanced particle filter technique in maritime search and rescue wireless sensor network","volume":"78","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"ISA Transactions"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-190138_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.05.012","article-title":"A joint network for disaster recovery and search and rescue operations","volume":"56","author":"Narayanan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-190138_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2018.02.020","article-title":"A drone fleet model for last-mile distribution in disaster relief operations","volume":"28","author":"Rabta","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-190138_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2018.06.013","article-title":"An intelligent multi-agent based decision support system for refugee settlement siting","volume":"31","author":"Drakaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-190138_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choutri K, Lagha M, Dala L, Lipatov M. Quadrotors trajectory tracking using a differential flatness-quaternion based approach. In: Modeling, Simulation, and Applied Optimization (ICMSAO). IEEE; 2017. pp. 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMSAO.2017.7934901"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/IDT-190138_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2004.1337826","article-title":"Trial by fire [rescue robots]","volume":"11","author":"Murphy","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-190138_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waharte S, Trigoni A. Supporting Search and Rescue Operations with UAVs. 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