{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T18:28:30Z","timestamp":1772303310960,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IDT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Flying ad-hoc network (FANET) has been growing rapidly and can utilized in sectors such as disaster response, healthcare, military, agriculture, and more. These networks utilize Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), required advanced routing algorithms for effective communication. Due to the lack of suitable routing algorithms, FANETs often encounter communication issues. This article explores the integration of Nature-inspired based routing algorithms into the FANET framework. Specifically, it examines the two distinct algorithms namely, swarm intelligence and genetic algorithms. Simulated results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over standard benchmark schemes. Validation of the proposed algorithm using performance parameters, such as throughput, reveals significant improvements over benchmark schemes. Moreover, the packet delivery ratio for providing resources to FANET users is 98% while achieving minimum end-to-end delay for the proposed scheme. These findings underscore the potential of Nature-inspired algorithms (NIAs) across various scenarios within the FANET framework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/idt-230802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T17:16:25Z","timestamp":1706289385000},"page":"9-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Performance evaluation of routing in flying ad-hoc networks using nature-inspired algorithms"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Amrita","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.86544"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1700326","article-title":"Routing protocols for unmanned aerial vehicles","volume":"56","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15588","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3244067","article-title":"Optimized routing of UAVs using bio-inspired algorithm in FANET: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Beegum","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2011.071211.110741","article-title":"A bio-inspired quality of service(QoS) routing algorithm","volume":"15","author":"Mellouk","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-013-9959-7","article-title":"Networking models in flying Ad-hoc networks (FANETs): Concepts and challenges","volume":"74","author":"Sahingoz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intell Robot Syst Theory Appl"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/62472"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24139","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2762472","article-title":"A survey of ant colony optimization based routing protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref8","first-page":"1944","article-title":"Survey on swarm intelligence based routing protocols for wireless sensor networks: An extensive study","author":"Gui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Ind Technol 2016"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref9","first-page":"148","article-title":"Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN): A Survey","volume":"8","author":"Nayyar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2021.07.009","article-title":"A novel improved artificial bee colony and blockchain-based secure clustering routing scheme for FANET","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"China Commun"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27168","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3117496","article-title":"Research on clustering routing protocol based on improved PSO in FANET","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3039846","article-title":"NCAnt: A network coding-based multipath data transmission scheme for Multi-UAV formation flying networks","volume":"25","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref13","first-page":"946","article-title":"Routing flying Ad Hoc network using salp swarm algorithm","volume":"28","author":"Mahmood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indones J Electr Eng Comput Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav A, Verma S. A hybrid Approach Based on ACO and Firefly Algorithm for Routing in FANETs. 234-246.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-76776-1_16"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1109\/WiSPNET.2016.7566488","article-title":"An energy aware genetic algorithm multipath distance vector protocol for efficient routing","author":"Seetaram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 2016 IEEE Int Conf Wirel Commun Signal Process Networking, WiSPNET"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2021.697624","article-title":"A genetic-algorithm-based optimization routing for FANETs","volume":"15","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurorobot"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21217060"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1051\/ijmqe\/2020012","article-title":"Throughput optimization for flying ad hoc network based on position control using genetic algorithm","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Metrol Qual Eng"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref19","first-page":"321","article-title":"Taking drones to next level: The performance evaluation of MAA with BCO routing protocols for Flying Adhoc Networks (FANETs)","volume":"10","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Distrib Comput Artif Intell J"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6783777"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14106159"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110544","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3101361","article-title":"Link and Loss Aware GW-COOP Routing Protocol for FANETs","volume":"9","author":"Hameed","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56371","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2981531","article-title":"Smart IoT control-based nature inspired energy efficient routing protocol for Flying Ad Hoc Network (FANET)","volume":"8","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03772063.2023.2261884"},{"key":"10.3233\/IDT-230802_ref25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Experimental estimate of using the ant colony optimization algorithm to solve the routing problem in FANET","author":"Maistrenko","journal-title":"2016 Int Sib Conf Control Commun SIBCON 2016\u00a0\u2013 Proc 2016"}],"container-title":["Intelligent Decision Technologies"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/IDT-230802","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T14:30:24Z","timestamp":1741617024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/IDT-230802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/idt-230802","relation":{},"ISSN":["1872-4981","1875-8843"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1872-4981","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8843","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]}}}