{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:18:30Z","timestamp":1777702710943,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A grid computing environment provides a type of distributed computation that is unique because it is not centrally managed and it has the capability to connect heterogeneous resources. A grid system provides location-independent access to the resources and services of geographically distributed machines. An essential ingredient for supporting location-independent computations is the ability to discover resources that have been requested by the users. Because the number of grid users can increase and the grid environment is continuously changing, a scheduler that can discover decentralized resources is needed. Grid resource scheduling is considered to be a complicated, NP-hard problem because of the distribution of resources, the changing conditions of resources, and the unreliability of infrastructure communication. Various artificial intelligence algorithms have been proposed for scheduling tasks in a computational grid. This paper uses the imperialist competition algorithm (ICA) to address the problem of independent task scheduling in a grid environment, with the aim of reducing the makespan. Experimental results compare ICA with other algorithms and illustrate that ICA finds a shorter makespan relative to the others. Moreover, it converges quickly, finding its optimum solution in less time than the other algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ifs-130988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T18:41:27Z","timestamp":1575312087000},"page":"187-199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Using imperialist competition algorithm for independent task scheduling in grid computing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Pooranian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Andimeshk Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Shojafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, Electronics (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bahman","family":"Javadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajith","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs), WA, USA"},{"name":"IT4Innovations - Center of excellence, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/IFS-130988","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/IFS-130988","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:36:44Z","timestamp":1777455404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/IFS-130988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/IFS-130988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/ifs-130988","relation":{"is-cited-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s10115-017-1044-2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}}}