{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:22:32Z","timestamp":1777702952352,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intelligent systems on Paper currency recognition and verification are inevitable for modern banking services. These systems are used in Auto-seller machines, vending machines etc. Extracting sufficient and reliable monetary characteristics are essential for accuracy and performance of such systems. This paper proposes a new intelligent system for paper currency recognition. Pakistani paper currency has been considered, as a case study, for intelligent recognition. This paper identifies, introduces, and extracts robust features from Pakistani banknotes. After extracting these features, the paper proposes to use three layers feed-forward Backpropagation Neural Network (BPN) for intelligent classification. The proposed technique and system are simple and comparatively less time consuming which makes it suitable for real-time applications. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique, experiments have been conducted on 175 Pakistani banknotes. The results indicate that system has 100% recognition ability on properly captured images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ifs-141156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T18:55:37Z","timestamp":1575312937000},"page":"1905-1913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["An intelligent system for paper currency recognition with robust features"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Allah Bux","family":"Sargano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Sarfraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NuhmanUl","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/IFS-141156","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/IFS-141156","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:37:11Z","timestamp":1777455431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/IFS-141156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/IFS-141156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/ifs-141156","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}}}