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The MG includes different renewable sources such as Wind Turbine (WT), Fuel Cell (FC), Micro Turbine (MT) and Photovoltaics (PVs) as well as battery as the storage device. In order to make the analysis practical, different classes of PHEVs and chargers are included in the proposed problem. The optimization framework tries to optimize the total MG cost when considering several operational and security constraints. In order to solve the problem optimally, a new modification method based on bat algorithm (BA) is employed. In addition, a new modification method is introduced for the BA to reduce the possibility of trapping in local optima. The simulation results show the satisfying performance of the proposed method for managing the MG with high penetration level of PHEVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ifs-151674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,10]],"date-time":"2015-11-10T11:35:44Z","timestamp":1447155344000},"page":"1957-1966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effect of plug-in electric vehicles demand on\u00a0the renewable micro-grids"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nourabad Mamasani Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nourabad Mamasani, Iran"}]},{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nourabad Mamasani Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nourabad Mamasani, Iran"}]},{"given":"Javad","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nourabad Mamasani Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nourabad Mamasani, Iran"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Rahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nourabad Mamasani Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nourabad Mamasani, Iran"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-130850"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2011.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-130895"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2014.10.088"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2010.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2013.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEE.2014.00104"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2011.07.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"1015","article-title":"A novel fuzzy multi-objective framework to construct optimal prediction intervals for wind power forecast","author":"Kavousi-Fard A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kavousi-Fard A, Khosravi A, Nahavandi S 2014 A novel fuzzy multi-objective framework to construct optimal prediction intervals for wind power forecast IEEE Conference IJCNN 1015 1019","journal-title":"IEEE Conference IJCNN"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2012.05.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Multi-objective probabilistic reconfiguration considering uncertainty and multi-Level load model","volume":"9","author":"Kavousi-Fard A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kavousi-Fard A, Niknam T, Taherpoor H, Abbasi A 2015 Multi-objective probabilistic reconfiguration considering uncertainty and multi-Level load model IET SMT 9 1 44 55","journal-title":"IET SMT"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rpg.2010.0052"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rpg.2009.0016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2006.888766"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2013.2292951"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2012.2230193"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","first-page":"245","article-title":"An intelligent stochastic framework to solve the reconfiguration problem from the reliability view","volume":"8","author":"Kavousi-Fard A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kavousi-Fard A, Niknam T, Khooban M 2014 An intelligent stochastic framework to solve the reconfiguration problem from the reliability view IET SMT 8 5 245 259","journal-title":"IET SMT"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","unstructured":"Toyota Company. 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