{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:01:26Z","timestamp":1770750086705,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]],"date-time":"2015-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a particle swarm optimization algorithm tuned fuzzy terminal sliding mode control for the application of UPS inverters. Though classic sliding mode control (SMC) is insensitive to system uncertainties, it possesses an infinite system-state convergence time. For high-accuracy tracking control, a terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) is developed to provide a finite system-state convergence time. However, difficult estimation occurs in TSMC, and incurs high UPS inverter voltage harmonics and slow dynamic response. To obtain high-quality UPS inverter output voltage, a fuzzy logic (FL) with a computationally simple and practically easy estimator is integrated into TSMC to resolve system uncertainties. Simultaneously, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to optimally tune the control gains of the TSMC with a fuzzy estimator. Results indicate that the presented combination of PSO, FL and TSMC yields a closed-loop UPS inverter with good performance under various loading conditions. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed control can achieve low total harmonic distortion (THD) under nonlinear loading conditions and fast dynamic response under transient loading conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ifs-151949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T14:27:19Z","timestamp":1449671239000},"page":"2483-2488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Particle swarm optimization tuned fuzzy terminal sliding mode control for UPS inverters"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"En-Chih","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Dashu District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C."}]},{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Control Science and Engineering of Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, P.R.C."}]},{"given":"Ziang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Dashu District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C."}]},{"given":"Rong-Ching","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Dashu District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C."}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2015.2403845"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Wilamowski BM Irwin JD2011Power electronics and motor drivesCRC PressBoca Raton FL USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Radim B George JK2011Concepts and fuzzy logicCambridge Massachusetts London EnglandMIT Press"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2013.2274423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2011.2163911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multi-objective analysis for designing and controlling micro-grids under multi-control with PID, MHCC and FOPID controllers","author":"Rasoanarivo I","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rasoanarivo I, Sargos F2013Multi-objective analysis for designing and controlling micro-grids under multi-control with PID, MHCC and FOPID controllersProc IEEE Int Conf Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting18","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2011.2168427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-61520-666-7","author":"Parsopoulos KE","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parsopoulos KE, Vrahatis MN2010Particle swarm optimization and intelligence: Advances and applications, information science referenceHershey, PA, USA","journal-title":"Particle swarm optimization and intelligence: Advances and applications, information science reference"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2012.1031"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"3195","article-title":"A deterministic particle swarm optimization maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic system under partial shading condition","volume":"60","author":"Ishaque K","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ishaque K, Salam Z2013A deterministic particle swarm optimization maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic system under partial shading conditionIEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics60831953206","journal-title":"IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en6042084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2004.843000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2012.2197870"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2012.2226896"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shtessel Y Edwards C Fridman L Levant A2014Sliding mode control and observationSpringerNew York","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-8176-4893-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; 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