{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:31:18Z","timestamp":1777703478592,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]],"date-time":"2015-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In large-scale wireless sensor networks, a low energy consumption requirement in data communication has become more prominent, but the currently existing solutions are unsatisfactory. Based on the complexity and uncertainty in the node energy consumption and communication path in wireless sensor networks, this paper proposes a low energy adaptive clustering multi-hop routing protocol based on fuzzy decision (FD-LEACH). In order to constitute a dynamic network routing structure, the protocol introduces the concept of fuzzy set and uses the theory of fuzzy decision to select excellent communication relay nodes. Analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol is more effectively adapted to large-scale wireless networks, which can provide a better balance in energy consumption and significantly prolong network lifetime.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ifs-151957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T14:25:58Z","timestamp":1449671158000},"page":"2547-2554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A low energy adaptive clustering multi-hop routing protocol based on fuzzy decision"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"}]},{"given":"Wenzhi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"}]},{"given":"Jingfeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"}]},{"given":"Haiguang","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Command Information Systems, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"}]},{"given":"Chenghui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Command Information Systems, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2008.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s110403498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang G Li X He J2006Dynamic minimal spanning tree routing protocol for large wireless sensor networksProceedings of 2006 1st IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications15311535Singapore","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEA.2006.257220"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"SEP: A stable election protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks","author":"Smaragdakis G","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smaragdakis G, Matta I, Bestavros A2004SEP: A stable election protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networksSecond International Workshop on Sensor and Actor Network Protocols and Applications (SANPA2004)111Boston, MA","journal-title":"Second International Workshop on Sensor and Actor Network Protocols and Applications (SANPA2004)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2012.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"271","article-title":"A distributed and effective cluster routing protocol of sensor networks","author":"Chen J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen J, Yin Z, Li D, Sun T2008A distributed and effective cluster routing protocol of sensor networksProceedings of 1st International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems271275Wuhan, China","journal-title":"Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2004.1368893"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cooperative transmission range extension for duty cycle-limited wireless sensor networks","author":"Jung JW","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jung JW, Wang W, Ingram MA2011Cooperative transmission range extension for duty cycle-limited wireless sensor networksInt Conf on Wireless Communication, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace and Electronic Systems Technology15Chennai","journal-title":"Int Conf on Wireless Communication, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace and Electronic Systems Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2003.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"1160","article-title":"A data gathering algorithm based on mobile agent and emergent event-driven in cluster-based WSN","volume":"5","author":"Yuan L","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yuan L, Wang X, Gan J, Zhao Y2010A data gathering algorithm based on mobile agent and emergent event-driven in cluster-based WSNNetworks511601168","journal-title":"Networks"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Optimized forwarding for wireless sensor networks by fuzzy inference system","author":"Azim MA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Azim MA, Jamalipour A2006Optimized forwarding for wireless sensor networks by fuzzy inference systemIn Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications1316Sydney, Australia","journal-title":"In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/a6010029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"262","article-title":"MR-LEACH: Multi-hop routing with low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy","author":"Muhammad OF","year":"2010","unstructured":"Muhammad OF, Abdul BD, Ghalib AS2010MR-LEACH: Multi-hop routing with low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy2010 Fourth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (ENSORCOMM), IEEE Communications Society262268New York","journal-title":"2010 Fourth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (ENSORCOMM), IEEE Communications Society"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2006.283821"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma S Jena SK2011A survey on secure hierarchical routing protocols in wireless sensor networksProceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Communication Computing & Security146151ACM","DOI":"10.1145\/1947940.1947972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.060710.00094"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2014.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ietcom\/e91-b.9.2795"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2002.804190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2008.423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"3005","article-title":"Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless micro sensor networks, Maui: IEEE Computer Soeiety","author":"Heinzelman W","year":"2000","unstructured":"Heinzelman W, Chandrakasan A, Balakrishnan H2000Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless micro sensor networks, Maui: IEEE Computer SoeietyProc of the 33rd Annual Hawaii Int\u2019 1 Conf on System Sciences30053014","journal-title":"Proc of the 33rd Annual Hawaii Int\u2019 1 Conf on System Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"176","article-title":"A new energy-efficient routing algorithm based on ant colony system for wireless sensor networks, Washington USA, IEEE Communications Society","author":"Songzhu X","year":"2009","unstructured":"Songzhu X, Su W, Jun N2009A new energy-efficient routing algorithm based on ant colony system for wireless sensor networks, Washington USA, IEEE Communications Society2009 Fourth International Conference on Internet Computing for Science and Engineering176180","journal-title":"2009 Fourth International Conference on Internet Computing for Science and Engineering"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/IFS-151957","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/IFS-151957","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/IFS-151957","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:38:48Z","timestamp":1777455528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/IFS-151957"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/IFS-151957"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/ifs-151957","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]]}}}