{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T20:09:53Z","timestamp":1771099793415,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]],"date-time":"2010-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lotfi Zadeh\u2019s recent ideas on his extended logic, the FLe approach, is applied to hypothesis verification from the standpoint of the philosophy of science. First, such typical conventional hypothesis verification methods as disjunctive and modus tollens syllogisms are presented. Second, Zadeh\u2019s extended logic, which stems from approximate reasoning, is sketched. Third, application of the FLe to hypothesis verification is considered at metalevel. In particular, the hypothetico-deductive model and statistical reasoning are examined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ifs-2010-0465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T17:40:58Z","timestamp":1575308458000},"page":"331-339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Application of approximate reasoning to hypothesis verification"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Vesa A.","family":"Niskanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki, Department of Economics and Management, Helsinki, Finland. Email: vesa.a.niskanen@helsinki.fi"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/IFS-2010-0465","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/IFS-2010-0465","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T19:47:53Z","timestamp":1771098473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/IFS-2010-0465"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/IFS-2010-0465"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/ifs-2010-0465","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}}}