{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T22:42:34Z","timestamp":1785278554343,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Information Polity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    How has the adoption of internet-based\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">platform politics<\/jats:italic>\n                    impacted Latin American party systems? This paper fills an important gap by creating novel categories and tracing patterns for understanding how political parties of 18 Central and South American countries practice politics online. Our work is informed by the equalization versus normalization debate between that sees the Internet as either consolidating institutional parties\u2019 strength or giving strategic advantage to new and smaller parties.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Our analysis takes a four-step approach to address the initial question. First, we conceptualize platform politics in a Latin American context and generate hypotheses. Second, we create a dataset to map online and offline national party systems across Latin America. Third, we introduce four categories (equalizers, normalizers, laggards, marginals) to capture different parties\u2019 online positioning. Last, we explore platform politics by comparing four parties belonging to the different categories \u2013\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">FMLN<\/jats:italic>\n                    in El Salvador,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Brazil,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PPC<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Peru, and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">MORENA<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Mexico \u2013 and showing how they use social media to overcome their structural limits. Overall, this work finds great regional variation to extend the validity of the cyclical nature of equalization and normalization to the Latin American context.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ip-220073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T10:04:50Z","timestamp":1724753090000},"page":"331-350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Platform politics in Latin America: Equalizers, normalizers, laggards, and marginals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Lioy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Political Science, University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Contreras Medrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Department of Education, Salem, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35242\/RDE_2019_28_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448211019688"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01436597.2020.1865794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068818793915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192512114523302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1866802X19840455"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"400","article-title":"The myth of platform neutrality.","volume":"2","author":"Chander A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"ChanderA., & KrishnamurthyV. (2018). The myth of platform neutrality. Geo L Tech Rev, 2(2), 400-416.","journal-title":"Geo L Tech Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1548-2456.2007.tb00407.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di TellaT. History of political parties in twentieth-century Latin America. 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