{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T04:45:12Z","timestamp":1741668312428,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ISB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Darwin\u2019s and Wallace\u2019s 1859 explanation that novel speciation resulted from natural variants that had been subjected to selection was refined over the next 150 years as genetic inheritance and the importance of mutation-induced change were discovered, the quantitative theory of evolutionary population genetics was produced, the speed of genetic change in small populations became apparent and the ramifications of the DNA revolution became clear. This paper first discusses the modern view of speciation in its historical context. It then uses systems-biology approaches to consider the many complex processes that underpin the production of a new species; these extend in scale from genes to populations with the processes of variation, selection and speciation being affected by factors that range from mutation to climate change. Here, events at a particular scale level (e.g. protein network activity) are activated by the output of the level immediately below (i.e. gene expression) and generate a new output that activates the layer above (e.g. embryological development), with this change often being modulated by feedback from higher and lower levels. The analysis shows that activity at each level in the evolution of a new species is marked by stochastic activity, with mutation of course being the key step for variation. The paper examines events at each of these scale levels and particularly considers how the pathway by which mutation leads to phenotypic variants and the wide range of factors that drive selection can be investigated computationally. It concludes that, such is the complexity of speciation, most steps in the process are currently difficult to model and that predictions about future speciation will, apart from a few special cases, be hard to make. The corollary is that opportunities for novel variants to form are maximised.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/isb-220253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T17:47:07Z","timestamp":1670348827000},"page":"23-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modelling speciation: Problems and implications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jonathan B.L.","family":"Bard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13BJ, UK"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bard J. Evolution: The Origins and Mechanisms of Diversity, CRC Press, 2022.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429346217"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref2","unstructured":"Coyne J.A. , Orr H.A. , Speciation. Sinauer Press, Oxford, 2004."},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gould S.J. A Tree Grows in Paris: Lamarck\u2019s Division of Worms and Revision of Nature, In: The Lying Stones of Marrakech: Penultimate Reflections in Natural History, Harmony Books, 2000, pp. 115\u2013143.","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674063372"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.96","article-title":"The evolution of vision","volume":"3","author":"Gehring","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemp T. The Origin of Higher Taxa: Palaeobiological, Developmental, and Ecological Perspectives, University of Chicago Press, 2015.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199691883.001.0001"},{"volume-title":"Oxford University Press","year":"2019","author":"Wood","key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref6"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1423152","article-title":"Models for predicting the evolution of influenza to inform vaccine strain selection","volume":"14","author":"Agor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref8","first-page":"46","article-title":"Extract from an unpublished Work on Species, by C. Darwin, Esq., consisting of a portion of a Chapter entitled, \u201cOn the Variation of Organic Beings in a state of Nature; on the Natural Means of Selection; on the Comparison of Domestic Races and true Species.\u201d","volume":"3","author":"Darwin","year":"1858","journal-title":"Proc Linn Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref9","unstructured":"Darwin C.R. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, John Murray, London, 1959."},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref10","first-page":"112","article-title":"Ring species as bridges between microevolution and speciation","author":"Irwin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genetica"},{"volume-title":"Oxford Clarendon Press","year":"1930","author":"Fisher","key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref12"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg795","article-title":"Genealogical trees, coalescent theory and the analysis of genetic polymorphisms","volume":"3","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01003-7","article-title":"Evolution of drift robustness in small populations","volume":"8","author":"LaBar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21754","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903672106","article-title":"Revising the recent evolutionary history of equids using ancient DNA","volume":"106","author":"Orlando","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref17","first-page":"379","article-title":"Male mule foal qualifies as the offspring of a female mule and jack donkey","volume":"76","author":"Ryder","year":"1985","journal-title":"JHered"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1159\/000132531","article-title":"A fertile mule and hinny in China","volume":"47","author":"Rong","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cytogenet Cell Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dvab012","DOI":"10.1093\/eep\/dvab012","article-title":"Role of environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance in evolutionary biology: Unified Evolution Theory","volume":"7","author":"Skinner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Epigenet"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.2307\/2409278","article-title":"The evolution of reproductive isolation asa correlated character under sympatric conditions: experimental evidence","volume":"44","author":"Rice","year":"1990","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waddington C.H. , Genetic assimilation, Adv Genet , 10 (1961), 257\u2013293.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2660(08)60119-4"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2020.01.019","article-title":"Molecular-genetic Manipulation of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Circadian Clock","volume":"432","author":"Hastings","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31387-0","article-title":"Emergent properties as by-products of prebiotic evolution of aminoacylation ribozymes","volume":"12","author":"Janzen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref24","unstructured":"Barresi M. , Gilbert S.F. Developmental Biology (12th edition), Oxford University Press, 2019."},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3982","article-title":"Eco-Evo-Devo: developmental symbiosis and developmental plasticity as evolutionary agents","volume":"16","author":"Gilbert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/156.1.297","article-title":"Estimate of the mutation rate per nucleotide in humans","volume":"156","author":"Nachman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.111.132118","article-title":"Mendel\u2019s genes: toward a full molecular characterization","volume":"189","author":"Reid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)91056-2","article-title":"Characterization of a novel lipoprotein mutant in Escherichia coli","volume":"10","author":"Giam","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref29","first-page":"2855","article-title":"Hox gene Ultrabithorax regulatesdistinct sets of target genes at successive stages of haltere morphogenesis, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","volume":"108","author":"Pavlopoulos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drosophila"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01371.x","article-title":"A systems biology representation of developmental anatomy","volume":"218","author":"Bard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2012.09.006","article-title":"Driving developmental and evolutionary change: A systems biology view","volume":"11","author":"Bard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-013020-103810","article-title":"Processing Temporal Growth Factor Patterns by an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Network Dynamically Established in Space","volume":"36","author":"Koseska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1080\/21541248.2016.1224399","article-title":"Kriegsheim, Rac1 and RhoA: Networks, loops and bistability","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small GTPases"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12102823","article-title":"Functional Transcription Factor Target Networks Illuminate Control of Epithelial Remodelling","volume":"12","author":"Overton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00034","article-title":"A Guide to Conquer the Biological Network Era Using Graph Theory","volume":"8","author":"Koutrouli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan A.-K. , Huang P.H. (2017, Editors) Kinase Signaling Networks, Springer: Humana Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7154-1"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361.1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00361","article-title":"Efficient computation of minimal perturbation sets in gene regulatory networks","volume":"4","author":"Garg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1997.8843","article-title":"Morphological diversity ofthe avian foot is related with the pattern of msx gene expression inthe developing autopod,","volume":"196","author":"Ga\u00f1an","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/elm008","article-title":"Appearances can be deceiving: phenotypes of knockout mice","volume":"6","author":"Barbaric","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3715","article-title":"Toward understanding the origin and evolution of cellular organisms","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7154-1_27","article-title":"Modeling of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling: Computational and Experimental Protocols","volume":"1636","author":"Fey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2022.05.049","article-title":"Computational identification of protein complexes from network interactions: Present state, challenges, and the way forward","volume":"20","author":"Omranian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2014.2366748","article-title":"Evolutionary Model Selection and Parameter Estimation for Protein-Protein Interaction Network Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000696","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000696","article-title":"Parameter estimation and model selection in computational biology","volume":"6","author":"Lillacci","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.113.150631","article-title":"How biochemical constraints of cellular growth shape evolutionary adaptations in metabolism","volume":"194","author":"Berkhout","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007308","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007308","article-title":"Fast uncertainty quantification for dynamic flux balance analysis using non-smooth polynomial chaos expansions","volume":"15","author":"Paulson","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00596","article-title":"An introduction to the maximum entropy approach and its application to inference problems in biology","author":"De Martino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref48","first-page":"37","article-title":"The chemical basis of morphogenesis","volume":"237","author":"Turing","year":"1952","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871950","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.871950","article-title":"Patterning, from conifers to consciousness: Turing\u2019s theory and order from fluctuations, 10:","volume":"10","author":"Lacalli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(74)90128-3","article-title":"How well does Turing\u2019s theory of morphogenesis work?","volume":"45","author":"Bard","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1977.tb04204.x","article-title":"A unity underlying the different zebra striping patterns","volume":"183","author":"Bard","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Zoology"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(81)90109-0","article-title":"A model generating aspects of zebra and other mammalian coat patterns","volume":"93","author":"Bard","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1006\/bulm.1998.0093","article-title":"A two-dimensional numerical study of spatial pattern formation in interacting Turing systems","volume":"61","author":"Barrio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull Math Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref54","first-page":"8","article-title":"The evolutionary origin of digit patterning","volume":"21","author":"Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evodevo"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2021.09.012","article-title":"Reconstructing Boolean network ensembles from single-cell data for unraveling dynamics in the aging of human hematopoietic stem cells","volume":"19","author":"Schwab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1039\/C8IB00012C","article-title":"Modeling and simulating networks of interdependent protein interactions","volume":"10","author":"St\u00f6cker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Integr Biol (Camb)"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts036","article-title":"A Boolean network model of the FA\/BRCA pathway","volume":"28","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref58","first-page":"12","article-title":"A Boolean network model of human gonadal sex determination","volume":"16","author":"R\u00edos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theor Biol Med Model"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/226764a0","article-title":"Cell division in the early growth and morphogenesis of the chick limb","volume":"226","author":"Hornbruch","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref60","first-page":"1","article-title":"Representing dynamic biological networks with multi-scale probabilistic models","volume":"2:21","author":"Gro\u00df","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun. Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1009513","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009513","article-title":"Modular assembly of dynamic models in systems biology","volume":"17","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007900","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007900","article-title":"Personalized logical models to investigatecancer response to BRAF treatments in melanomas and colorectal cancers","volume":"17","author":"B\u00e9al","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20745","article-title":"The reality and importance of founder speciation in evolution","volume":"30","author":"Templeton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025671831349","article-title":"Spatial patterns of demography and genetic processes across the species\u2019 range: Null hypotheses for landscape conservation Genetics","volume":"4","author":"Vucetich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Conservation Genetics"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14392","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.8143","article-title":"The founder sociality hypothesis","volume":"11","author":"Brooks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saetre G-P and Ravinet M. , Evolutionary Genetics: Concepts, Analysis, and Practice, Oxford University Press. Oxford, 2019.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198830917.001.0001"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.2307\/2407781","article-title":"Genetic drift in small populations of Tribolium","volume":"33","author":"Rich","year":"1979","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23347","article-title":"The contributions of admixture and genetic drift to diversity among post-contact populations in the Americas","volume":"165","author":"Koehl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-083117-021320","article-title":"Sickle Cell Anemia and Its Phenotypes","volume":"19","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1162\/evco_a_00207","article-title":"Quantifying Selection Pressure","volume":"26","author":"Haasdijk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evol Comput"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref71","first-page":"1416","article-title":"Evolution in the real world: stochastic variation and the determinants of fitness in Carlina vulgaris","volume":"56","author":"Rose","year":"2002","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1022","article-title":"Adopting kin enhances inclusive fitness in a social red squirrels","volume":"1","author":"Gorrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/246015a0","article-title":"The Logic of Animal Conflict","volume":"246","author":"Maynard Smith","year":"1973","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0215","article-title":"Evolutionary dynamics in structured populations","volume":"365","author":"Nowak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2005.04.002","article-title":"The bootstrap: a technique for data-driven statistics, Using computer-intensive analyses to explore experimental data","volume":"359","author":"Henderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref77","first-page":"1","article-title":"East African cichlid lineages (Teleostei: Cichlidae) might be older than their ancient host lakes: new divergence estimates for the east African cichlid radiation","volume":"19:94","author":"Schedel","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0127207","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127207","article-title":"Hybrid breakdown in cichlid fish","volume":"10","author":"Stelkens","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16931","article-title":"Re-engineering the zinc fingers of PRDM9 reverses hybrid sterility in mice","volume":"530","author":"Davies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-110410-132514","article-title":"The genetics of hybrid incompatibilities","volume":"45","author":"Maheshwari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcq126","article-title":"Speciation genes in plants","volume":"106","author":"Rieseberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Bot"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.29.2.103","article-title":"Estimates of the frequency of chromosomeabnormalities detectable in unselected newborns using moderatelevels of banding","volume":"9","author":"Jacobs","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr.15017443","article-title":"Structural chromosomal abnormalities in couples in cases of recurrent spontaneous abortions in Jilin Province, China","volume":"15","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref84","first-page":"56","article-title":"Human chromosome translocations and cancer","volume":"1","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Education"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref85","first-page":"20132686","article-title":"Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherineestablish ancient origin of big cats","volume":"28","author":"Tseng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000132356","article-title":"Chromosomal evolution of the Canidae, I. Species with high diploid numbers","volume":"44","author":"Wayne","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cytogenet Cell Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000515296","article-title":"Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Turtles","volume":"15","author":"Merchant-Larios","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Dev"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03902-8","article-title":"Paths and timings of the peopling of Polynesia inferred from genomic networks","volume":"597","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4626307","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4626307","article-title":"Variable Selection and Joint Estimation of Mean and Covariance Models with an Application to eQTL Data","volume":"2018","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref91","unstructured":"Salgado S. Amaz\u00f4nia, Taschen Press, 2021."},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx267","article-title":"The Paleo-Indian Entry into South America According to Mitogenomes","volume":"35","author":"Brandini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"10.3233\/ISB-220253_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/148.4.1667","article-title":"Rates of spontaneous mutation","volume":"148","author":"Drake","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genetics"}],"container-title":["In Silico Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/ISB-220253","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T02:43:18Z","timestamp":1741660998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.medra.org\/servlet\/aliasResolver?alias=iospress&doi=10.3233\/ISB-220253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/isb-220253","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-6338","1434-3207"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1386-6338"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1434-3207"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]}}}