{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T20:21:23Z","timestamp":1777753283726,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Information Services and Use"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the World Wide Web, a very large number of resources are made available through digital libraries. The existence of many individual digital libraries, maintained by different organizations, brings challenges to the discoverability and usage of these resources by potential users. A widely-used approach is metadata aggregation, where a central organization takes the role of facilitating the discoverability and use of the resources, by collecting their associated metadata. The central organization has the possibility to further promote the usage of the resources by means that cannot be efficiently undertaken by each digital library in isolation. This paper focuses in the domain of cultural heritage, where OAI-PMH has been the embraced solution, since discovery of resources was only feasible if based on metadata instead of full-text. However, the technological landscape has changed. Nowadays, with the technological improvements accomplished by network communications, computational capacity, and Internet search engines, the motivation for adopting OAI-PMH is not as clear as it used to be. In this paper, we present the results of our analysis of available potential technologies, using as application context the Europeana Network and its requirements for metadata aggregation. We cover the following technologies: IIIF (International Image Interoperability Framework); Webmention; Linked Data Notifications; WebSub; Sitemaps; ResourceSync; Open Publication Distribution System (OPDS); Linked Data Platform; and Schema.org.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/isu-170859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]],"date-time":"2018-01-09T11:55:04Z","timestamp":1515498904000},"page":"425-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A survey of Web technology for metadata aggregation in cultural heritage"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Nuno","family":"Freire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Isaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Europeana Foundation, Willem-Alexanderhof 5, 2509 LK The Hague, The Netherlands. E-mails: ,"}]},{"given":"Glen","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Library of Wales, Penglais Rd, Aberystwyth SY23 3BU, United Kingdom."}]},{"given":"John Brooks","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Dublin, Stillorgan Rd, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland."}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Manguinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Europeana Foundation, Willem-Alexanderhof 5, 2509 LK The Hague, The Netherlands. E-mails: ,"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ISU-170859","unstructured":"Europeana v1.0, The EDM Definition V5.2.7. Online from: http:\/\/pro.europeana.eu\/web\/guest\/edm-documentation."},{"key":"bibr2-ISU-170859","unstructured":"Berners-LeeT., Linked Data Design Issues. W3C-Internal Document, 2006, available from: http:\/\/www.w3.org\/DesignIssues\/LinkedData.html."},{"key":"bibr3-ISU-170859","unstructured":"CapadisliS. and GuyA. (eds.), \u201cLinked Data Notifications\u201d, W3C Working Draft, 2016, available from: https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/ldn\/."},{"key":"bibr4-ISU-170859","unstructured":"CharlesV. and IsaacA., Enhancing the Europeana Data Model (EDM), Project Europeana V3.0, 2015, available from: http:\/\/pro.europeana.eu\/files\/Europeana_Professional\/Publications\/EDM_WhitePaper_17062015.pdf."},{"key":"bibr5-ISU-170859","unstructured":"Digital Public Library of America. Metadata Application Profile, version 4.0, 2015, available from: https:\/\/dp.la\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/MAPv4.pdf."},{"key":"bibr6-ISU-170859","unstructured":"GenestouxJ. and PareckiA. (eds), WebSub. W3C Candidate Recommendation, 2017, available from: https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/websub\/."},{"key":"bibr7-ISU-170859","unstructured":"Google, Inc., Yahoo, Inc., Microsoft Corporation and Yandex. About Schema.org, available at: http:\/\/schema.org\/docs\/about.html."},{"key":"bibr8-ISU-170859","unstructured":"GradmannS., Knowledge = Information in Context: on the Importance of Semantic Contextualisation in Europeana, 2015, available from: http:\/\/pro.europeana.eu\/files\/Europeana_Professional\/Publications\/Europeana%20White%20Paper%201.pdf."},{"key":"bibr9-ISU-170859","unstructured":"LagozeC.van de SompelH.NelsonM.L. and WarnerS., The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting, Version 2.0, 2002, available from: http:\/\/www.openarchives.org\/OAI\/2.0\/openarchivesprotocol.htm."},{"key":"bibr10-ISU-170859","unstructured":"National Information Standards Organization. ResourceSync Framework Specification, 2014, available from: http:\/\/www.niso.org\/apps\/group_public\/download.php\/12904\/z39-99-2014_resourcesync.pdf."},{"key":"bibr11-ISU-170859","unstructured":"PareckiA. (ed.), Webmention. W3C Candidate Recommendation, 2016, available from: https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/webmention\/."},{"key":"bibr12-ISU-170859","unstructured":"PedrosaG.GeorgP.ConcordiaC. and AloiaN., Europeana OAI-PMH Infrastructure, Project Europeana Connect deliverable D5.3.1, 2010."},{"key":"bibr13-ISU-170859","unstructured":"RichardsonL. and RubyS., Restful Web Services, O\u2019Reilly, 2007."},{"key":"bibr14-ISU-170859","unstructured":"Sitemaps XML format. Available from: https:\/\/www.sitemaps.org\/protocol.html."},{"key":"bibr15-ISU-170859","unstructured":"SpeicherS.ArweJ. and MalhotraA., Linked Data Data Platform 1.0. W3C Recommendation, 2015, available from: https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/ldp\/."},{"key":"bibr16-ISU-170859","unstructured":"StuartS.SandersonR. and CramerT., The International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF): A community & technology approach for web-based images,\n                      Archiving\n                      2015, 2015, available from: http:\/\/purl.stanford.edu\/df650pk4327."},{"key":"bibr17-ISU-170859","unstructured":"The openpub community. OPDS Catalog 1.1 specification, 2011, available from: http:\/\/opds-spec.org\/specs\/opds-catalog-1-1."},{"key":"bibr18-ISU-170859","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van de SompelH. and NelsonM.L., Reminiscing about 15 years of interoperability efforts, D-Lib Magazine21(11\/12) (2015). doi:10.1045\/november2015-vandesompel.","DOI":"10.1045\/november2015-vandesompel"},{"key":"bibr19-ISU-170859","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van VeenT. and OldroydB., Search and retrieval in the European library: A new approach, D-Lib Magazine10(2) (2004). ISSN 1082-9873.","DOI":"10.1045\/february2004-vanveen"}],"container-title":["Information Services and Use"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/ISU-170859","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/ISU-170859","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/ISU-170859","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:02:30Z","timestamp":1777464150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/ISU-170859"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/ISU-170859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/isu-170859","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5265","1875-8789"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5265","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8789","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}}}