{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T22:44:30Z","timestamp":1776811470711,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"European Society of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To scientifically and reasonably evaluate and pre-warn the congestion degree of subway transfer hub, and effectively know the risk of subway passengers before the congestion time coming. We analyzed the passenger flow characteristics of various service facilities in the hub. The congested area of the subway passenger flow interchange hub is divided into queuing area and distribution area. The queuing area congestion evaluation model selects M\/M\/C and M\/G\/C based on queuing theory. The queuing model and the congestion evaluation model of the distribution area select the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. Queue length and waiting time are selected as the evaluation indicators of congestion in the queuing area, and passenger flow, passenger flow density and walking speed are selected as the evaluation indicators of congestion in the distribution area. And then, K-means cluster analysis method is used to analyze the sample data, and based on the selected evaluation indicators and the evaluation model establishes the queuing model of the queuing area and the TOPSIS model of the collection and distribution area. The standard value of the congestion level of various service facilities and the congestion level value of each service facility obtained from the evaluation are used as input to comprehensively evaluate the overall congestion degree of the subway interchange hub. Finally we take the Xi\u2019an Road subway interchange hub in Dalian as empirical research, the data needed for congestion evaluation was obtained through field observations and questionnaires, and the congestion degree of the queue area and the distribution area at different times of the workday was evaluated, and the congestion of each service facility was evaluated. The grade value is used as input, and the TOPSIS method is used to evaluate the degree of congestion in the subway interchange hub, which is consistent with the results of passenger congestion in the questionnaire, which verifies the feasibility of the evaluation model and method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jcm-215101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T13:01:44Z","timestamp":1622811704000},"page":"643-664","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of subway passengers transfer hub congestion based on queuing model and TOPSIS method"],"prefix":"10.66113","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiaokun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, Liaoning, China"},{"name":"Research Institute of the Belt and Road, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, Liaoning, China"},{"name":"Research Institute of the Belt and Road, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jialiang","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"55691","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JCM-215101_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s12469-008-0003-4","article-title":"Automated timetable design for demand-oriented service on suburban railways","volume":"1","author":"Albrecht","year":"2009","journal-title":"Public Transp"},{"key":"10.3233\/JCM-215101_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1139\/cjce-2011-0432","article-title":"A station-level ridership model for the metro network in Montreal","volume":"40","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Quebec Can Civ Eng"},{"key":"10.3233\/JCM-215101_ref3","first-page":"75","article-title":"Real-time evaluation method of passenger flow congestion in comprehensive transportation hub","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Highway Traffic Technology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JCM-215101_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endm.2004.03.017","article-title":"The demand-dependent optimization of regular train timetables","volume":"17","author":"Chierici","year":"2004","journal-title":"Electr, Notes Discrete Math"},{"key":"10.3233\/JCM-215101_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2016.04.007","article-title":"Integrating train scheduling and delay management in real-time railway traffic control","volume":"105","author":"Corman D\u2019Ariano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E"},{"key":"10.3233\/JCM-215101_ref6","unstructured":"J.J. 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