{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T22:47:08Z","timestamp":1776811628092,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"European Society of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Edge computing has emerged for meeting the ever-increasing computation demands from delay-sensitive Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, the computing capability of an edge device, including a computing-enabled end user and an edge server, is insufficient to support massive amounts of tasks generated from IoT applications. In this paper, we aim to propose a two-tier end-edge collaborative computation offloading policy to support as much as possible computation-intensive tasks while making the edge computing system strongly stable. We formulate the two-tier end-edge collaborative offloading problem with the objective of minimizing the task processing and offloading cost constrained to the stability of queue lengths of end users and edge servers. We perform analysis of the Lyapunov drift-plus-penalty properties of the problem. Then, a cost-aware computation offloading (CACO) algorithm is proposed to find out optimal two-tier offloading decisions so as to minimize the cost while making the edge computing system stable. Our simulation results show that the proposed CACO outperforms the benchmarked algorithms, especially under various number of end users and edge servers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jcm-215923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T10:29:33Z","timestamp":1640341773000},"page":"677-688","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Two-tier end-edge collaborative computation offloading for edge computing"],"prefix":"10.66113","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electric Power Research Institute, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Southern Power Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electric Power Research Institute, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"En","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Southern Power Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"55691","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JCM-215923_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2805263","article-title":"Edge computing for the internet of things: A case study","volume":"5","author":"Premsankar","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JCM-215923_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.1900103","article-title":"Toward an intelligent edge: Wireless communication meets machine learning","volume":"58","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JCM-215923_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2019.2904348","article-title":"Adaptive federated learning in resource constrained edge computing systems","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"key":"10.3233\/JCM-215923_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78685","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2922992","article-title":"Energy-Efficient and Delay-Guaranteed Workload Allocation in IoT-Edge-Cloud Computing Systems","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.3233\/JCM-215923_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/amns.2021.1.00027"},{"key":"10.3233\/JCM-215923_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12825","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2800032","article-title":"Offloading schemes in mobile edge computing for ultra-reliable low latency communications","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.3233\/JCM-215923_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.09.003","article-title":"An optimal delay aware task assignment scheme for wireless SDN networked edge cloudlets","volume":"102","author":"Chamola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JCM-215923_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.2307\/1427522","article-title":"Stability of markovian processes III: Foster-lyapunov criteria for continuous-time processes","volume":"25","author":"Meyn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Advances in Applied Probability"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JCM-215923_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2960631","article-title":"Vehicular task offloading via heat-aware MEC cooperation using game-theoretic method","volume":"7","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JCM-215923","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T22:06:46Z","timestamp":1776809206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JCM-215923"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jcm-215923","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-7978","1875-8983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-7978","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]}}}