{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:15:37Z","timestamp":1777853737438,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3-4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JID"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are seen as one of the tangible results of the convergence of advanced information technology, nanotechnology, biotechnology, cognitive science, and social science in addition to conventional systems science, engineering, and technologies. Designing next-generation cyber-physical systems (NG-CPSs) is a challenging matter for abundant reasons. It is not possible to consider all reasons and to address their interplays simultaneously in one paper. Therefore, this position paper elaborates only on a selected number of topical issues and influential factors. The author claims that the shift of the paradigm of CPSs and the uncertainty related to the paradigmatic systems features of NG-CPSs are among the primary reasons. Since the future of CPSs will be influenced strongly by their intellectualization, adaptation\/evolution, and automation, these aspects are also addressed. It is argued that interaction and cooperation with NG-CPSs should be seen from a multi-dimensional perspective and that socialization of NG-CPSs needs more attention in research. The need for aggregation, management, and exploitation of the growing amount of synthetic systems knowledge produced by smart CPSs is seen by the author as an important emerging concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jid-220008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T13:48:37Z","timestamp":1655819317000},"page":"317-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Designing next-generation cyber-physical systems: Why is it an issue?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Imre","family":"Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sustainable Design Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref1","unstructured":"Ackoff, R.L. (1964) General system theory and systems research: Contrasting conceptions of systems science. In: Views on General Systems Theory, Plenum Press, New York-London, pp. 51\u201360."},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ackoff, R.L. . (1991) Science in the systems age: Beyond IE, OR, and MS. In: Facets of Systems Science, Springer US, pp. 325\u2013335.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0718-9_23"},{"issue":"101225","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Digital twin as a service (DTaaS) in Industry.: An architecture reference model","volume":"47","author":"Aheleroff,","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advanced Engineering Informatics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2015.08.004","article-title":"Smart cyber society: Integration of capillary devices with high usability based on cyber\u2013physical system","volume":"56","author":"Ahmad,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirpj.2018.06.002","article-title":"A problem-solving ontology for human-centered cyber physical production systems","volume":"22","author":"Ansari,","year":"2018","journal-title":"CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref7","unstructured":"Ashby, W.R. Design for a brain: The origin of adaptive behavior. Chapman and Hall, London."},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167653","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2953499","article-title":"A survey on digital twin: Definitions, characteristics, applications, and design implications","volume":"7","author":"Barricelli,","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2010.07.003","article-title":"Socio-technical systems: From design methods to systems engineering","volume":"23","author":"Baxter,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Interacting with Computers"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beckers, R. , Holland, O.E. , Deneubourg, J.L. , (2000) From local actions to global tasks: Stigmergy and collective robotics. In: Prerational Intelligence: Adaptive Behavior and Intelligent Systems Without Symbols and Logic, Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 1008\u20131022.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0870-9_63"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34075","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034075","article-title":"Automation technology and sense of control: A window on human agency","volume":"7","author":"Berberian,","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2020.103179","article-title":"Towards a semantic construction digital twin: Directions for future research","volume":"114","author":"Boje,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"A history of transhumanist thought","volume":"14","author":"Bostrom,","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Evolution and Technology"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00373-1","article-title":"Toward sociable robots","volume":"42","author":"Breazeal,","year":"2003","journal-title":"Robotics and Autonomous Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jii.2020.100192","article-title":"Cyber-physical systems research and education in: Scenarios and strategies","volume":"21","author":"Broo,","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brun, Y. , Di MarzoSerugendo G. , Gacek, C. , Giese, H. , Kienle, H. , Litoiu, M. , Muller, H. , Pezze, M. , Shaw, M. . Engineering self-adaptive systems through feedback loops. In: Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 48\u201370.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02161-9_3"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bugental, D.B. , Grusec, J.E. . (2007). Chapter 7: Socialization processes. In: Handbook of Child Psychology, 6th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, Vol. 3, pp. 366\u2013428.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470147658.chpsy0307"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2018.2830307","article-title":"A private and efficient mechanism for data uploading in smart cyber-physical systems","volume":"7","author":"Cai,","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/sys.10054","article-title":"Systems engineering in an age of complexity","volume":"7","author":"Calvano,","year":"2004","journal-title":"Systems Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-006-0154-7","article-title":"Artificial consciousness, artificial emotions, and autonomous robots","volume":"7","author":"Cardon,","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cognitive Processing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/sys.21509","article-title":"Conceptualizing the key features of cyber-physical systems in a multi-layered representation for safety and security analysis","volume":"23","author":"Carreras Guzman,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Systems Engineering"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Checkland, P.B. . (1991) Science and the systems paradigm. In: Facets of Systems Science, Springer, US, pp. 259\u2013268.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0718-9_17"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750012","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424862217500129","article-title":"Applications of cyber-physical system: A literature review","volume":"2","author":"Chen,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Industrial Integration and Management"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, S.W. , Garlan, D. , Schmerl, B. , Sousa, J.P. , Spitznagel, B. , Steenkiste, P. , Hu, N. . (2002). Software architecture-based adaptation for pervasive systems. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 67\u201382.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45997-9_7"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2015.04.011","article-title":"Model-based integration of control and operations: Overview, challenges, advances, and opportunities","volume":"83","author":"Chu,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers & Chemical Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/MIE.2017.2648857","article-title":"Industrial cyberphysical systems: A backbone of the fourth industrial revolution","volume":"11","author":"Colombo,","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013734730842","article-title":"Reconnecting bits and atoms","volume":"19","author":"Cosier,","year":"2001","journal-title":"BT Technology Journal"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cyber-physical systems of systems: Research and innovation priorities initial document for public consultation","volume":"611115","author":"CPSoS","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Union\u2019s Seventh Program"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.06.031","article-title":"Editorial: Smart cyber\u2013physical systems: Toward pervasive intelligence systems","volume":"107","author":"Delicato,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-019-00595-2","article-title":"(a). Hybrid intelligence","volume":"61","author":"Dellermann,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Business & Information Systems Engineering"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.29173\/irie137","article-title":"Fundamental issues in social robotics","volume":"6","author":"Duffy,","year":"2006","journal-title":"The International Review of Information Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref46","first-page":"3","article-title":"The next generation of cyber-physical systems","volume":"12","author":"Dumitrache,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Control Engineering and Applied Informatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.24846\/v26i3y201708","article-title":"A conceptual framework for modeling and design of cyber-physical systems","volume":"26","author":"Dumitrache,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Studies in Informatics and Control"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref48","unstructured":"Dunne, A. (2006) Hertzian tales: Electronic products, aesthetic experience, and critical design. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 1\u2013175."},{"issue":"9-10","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2008.01.006","article-title":"Empirical studies of agile software development: A systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Dyb\u00e5,","year":"2008","journal-title":"Information and Software Technology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eberhardinger, B. , Seebach, H. , Knapp, A. , Reif, W. (2014). Towards testing self-organizing, adaptive systems. In: Proceedings of the IFIP International Conference on Testing Software and Systems, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 180\u2013185.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44857-1_13"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engell, S. , Paulen, R. , Reniers, M. A. , Sonntag, C. , Thompson, H. (2015). Core research and innovation areas in cyber-physical systems of systems. In: Cyber Physical Systems, Design, Modeling, and Evaluation, Springer International Publishing, pp. 40\u201355.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25141-7_4"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00372-X","article-title":"A survey of socially interactive robots","volume":"42","author":"Fong,","year":"2003","journal-title":"Robotics and Autonomous Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2019.04.024","article-title":"Development and operation of digital twins for technical systems and services","volume":"68","author":"Fresemann,","year":"2019","journal-title":"CIRP Annals"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/09537320500357319","article-title":"The dynamics of transitions in socio-technical systems: A multi-level analysis of the transition pathway from horse-drawn carriages to automobiles","volume":"17","author":"Geels,","year":"2005","journal-title":"Technology Analysis & Strategic Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2007.08.009","article-title":"Dynamics in socio-technical systems: Typology of change processes and contrasting case studies","volume":"29","author":"Geels,","year":"2007","journal-title":"Technology in Society"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.10.051","article-title":"Tuning self-adaptation in cyber-physical systems through architectural homeostasis","volume":"148","author":"Gerostathopoulos,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2008.931718","article-title":"Hybrid dynamical systems","volume":"29","author":"Goebel,","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Control Systems Magazine"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez Nieto, J. , Reif, W. , Wang, G. , Indulska, J. (2009). Autonomic and trusted computing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5586, Springer, Berlin\/Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02704-8"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60418-0","article-title":"Speculations concerning the first ultraintelligent machine","volume":"6","author":"Good,","year":"1966","journal-title":"Advances in Computers"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2017.00060","article-title":"The attention schema theory: A foundation for engineering artificial consciousness","volume":"4","author":"Graziano,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref70","first-page":"4242","article-title":"A survey on concepts, applications, and challenges in cyber-physical systems","volume":"8","author":"Gunes,","year":"2014","journal-title":"KSII Transactions on Internet & Information Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.08.267","article-title":"Reasoning strategies in smart cyber-physical systems","volume":"60","author":"H\u00e5kansson,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hielscher, J. , Kazhamiakin, R. , Metzger, A. , Pistore, M. , (2008). A framework for proactive self-adaptation of service-based applications based on online testing. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on a Service-Based Internet, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 122\u2013133.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89897-9_11"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horv\u00e1th, I. (2014). What the design theory of social-cyber-physical systems must describe, explain and predict? In: An Anthology of Theories and Models of Design, Springer, London, pp. 99\u2013120.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-6338-1_5"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref79","first-page":"1","article-title":"Designing cyber-physical systems for runtime self-adaptation: Knowing more about what we miss","volume":"25","author":"Horv\u00e1th,","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transactions of the SDPS: Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref83","first-page":"60","article-title":"(a). Para-functional programming","volume":"8","author":"Hudak,","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01414441","article-title":"Denotational semantics of a para-functional programming language","volume":"15","author":"Hudak,","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Parallel Programming"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref85","first-page":"1","article-title":"An architectural blueprint for autonomic computing. IBM","volume":"31","author":"IBM.","year":"2006","journal-title":"IBM White Paper"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/3516.491406","article-title":"Modeling and design methodology for mechatronic systems","volume":"1","author":"Isermann,","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirpj.2020.02.002","article-title":"Characterising the digital twin: A systematic literature review","volume":"29","author":"Jones,","year":"2020","journal-title":"CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1109\/21.391285","article-title":"A methodology for human-machine systems research: Knowledge engineering, modeling, and simulation","volume":"25","author":"Jones,","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref91","unstructured":"Kampis, G.Y. (1991). Self- modifying systems in biology and cognitive science:Anewframework for dynamics, information and complexity. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 1\u2013542."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2012.2183878","article-title":"RDDS: A real-time data distribution service for cyber-physical systems","volume":"8","author":"Kang,","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2003.1160055","article-title":"The vision of autonomic computing","volume":"36","author":"Kephart,","year":"2003","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kopetz, H. , Bondavalli, A. , Brancati, F. , Fr\u00f6mel, B. , H\u00f6ftberger, O. , Iacob, S. (2016). Emergence in cyber-physical systems-of-systems (CPSoSs). In: Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems, Springer, Cham, pp. 73\u201396.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47590-5_3"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2018.2876181","article-title":"Cyber-physical systems and digital twins in the industrial internet of things [cyber-physical systems]","volume":"51","author":"Koulamas,","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computer"},{"issue":"B","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref97","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey on engineering approaches for self-adaptive systems. (extended version","volume":"17","author":"Krupitzer,","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pervasive and Mobile Computing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1093\/hcr\/31.4.538","article-title":"Can a robot be perceived as a developing creature? Effects of a robot\u2019s long-term cognitive developments on its social presence and people\u2019s social responses toward it","volume":"31","author":"Lee,","year":"2005","journal-title":"Human Communication Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref100","first-page":"1","article-title":"A categorical approach towards meta modeling cyber-physical systems","volume":"9","author":"Legatiuk,","year":"2017","journal-title":"In: Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-019-01512-w","article-title":"A state-of-the-art survey of digital twin: Techniques, engineering product lifecycle management and business innovation perspectives","volume":"31","author":"Lim,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2498288","article-title":"Cybermatics: A holistic field for systematic study of cyber-enabled new worlds","volume":"3","author":"Ma,","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref104","unstructured":"Mainzer, K. , (2014). From robotics to cyber-physical systems: Technical options and ethical-legal challenges. In: Rethinking Responsibility in Science and Technology, Pisa University Press, Pisa, pp. 87\u2013112."},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marwedel, P. (2021). Embedded system design: Embedded systems foundations of cyber-physical systems, and the internet of things. Fourth Edition. Springer Nature AG, Cham, pp. 1\u2013446.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-60910-8_1"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2004.48","article-title":"Composing adaptive software","volume":"37","author":"McKinley,","year":"2004","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mead, R. , Matari\u0107, M.J. (2016). Perceptual models of human-robot proxemics. In: Experimental RoboticsSpringer, Cham, pp. 261\u2013276.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23778-7_18"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref109","unstructured":"Mellor, S.J. , Scott, K. , Uhl, A. , Weise, D. (2004). MDA distilled, Addison-Wesley, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2017.05.013","article-title":"Software-defined networking in cyber-physical systems: A survey","volume":"66","author":"Molina,","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers & Electrical Engineering"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2017.4451221","article-title":"The rise of intelligent cyber-physical systems","volume":"50","author":"M\u00fcller,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2012.53","article-title":"A decentralized self-adaptation mechanism for service-based applications in the cloud","volume":"39","author":"Nallur,","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2018.10.003","article-title":"A cyber physical system (CPS) approach for safe human-robot collaboration in a shared workplace","volume":"56","author":"Nikolakis,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2010.2050377","article-title":"Cyber\u2013physical systems: Close encounters between two parallel worlds [point of view]","volume":"98","author":"Poovendran,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"issue":"4-6","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1080\/09544828.2016.1141183","article-title":"Towards a methodology of system manifestation features-based pre-embodiment design","volume":"27","author":"Pourtalebi,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Design"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.5937\/fmet1904663P","article-title":"What is a cyber-physical system: Definitions and models","volume":"47","author":"Putnik,","year":"2019","journal-title":"FME Transactions"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref124","first-page":"246","article-title":"Modeling methodologies for cyber-physical systems: Research field study on inherent and future challenges","volume":"36","author":"Quadri,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ada User Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-cta:20045250","article-title":"Identification of continuous-time systems","volume":"153","author":"Rao,","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEE Proceedings - Control Theory and Applications"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2019.09.016","article-title":"Feature in product engineering with single and variant design approaches. A comparative review","volume":"41","author":"Romero,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manufacturing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2020.103224","article-title":"Towards a characterisation of smart systems: A systematic literature review","volume":"120","author":"Romero,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers in Industry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref130","first-page":"186","article-title":"Philosophy of socio-technical systems.: Research in Philosophy and Technology","volume":"4","author":"Ropohl,","year":"1999","journal-title":"Techn\u00e1"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1109\/C-M.1975.218952","article-title":"Software engineering: Process, principles, and goals","volume":"8","author":"Ross,","year":"1975","journal-title":"Computer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2018.1533261","article-title":"Blockchain technology and its relationships to sustainable supply chain management","volume":"57","author":"Saberi,","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1516533.1516538","article-title":"Self-adaptive software: Landscape and research challenges","volume":"4","author":"Salehie,","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref136","first-page":"23","article-title":"Understanding blockchain technology","volume":"8","author":"Sarmah,","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computer Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1145\/508448.508472","article-title":"Middleware for real-time and embedded systems","volume":"45","author":"Schmidt,","year":"2002","journal-title":"Communications of ACM"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref143","first-page":"79","article-title":"Physical-cyber-social computing: An early st century approach","volume":"28","author":"Sheth,","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Intelligent Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3328730","article-title":"SimCA*: A control-theoretic approach to handle uncertainty in self-adaptive systems with guarantees","volume":"13","author":"Shevtsov,","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2019.04.024","article-title":"Development and operation of digital twins for technical systems and services","volume":"68","author":"Stark,","year":"2019","journal-title":"CIRP Annals"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strube, G. (1992). The role of cognitive science in knowledge engineering. In: Contemporary Knowledge Engineering and Cognition, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 159\u2013174.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0045689"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suh, S.C. , Tanik, U.J. , Carbone, J.N. , Eroglu, A. (2014). Applied cyber-physical systems. Springer, New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7336-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref148","first-page":"29","article-title":"Toward a science of cyber-physical system integration","volume":"100","author":"Sztipanovits,","year":"2012","journal-title":"In: Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref149","first-page":"13","article-title":"A survey paper on cyber physical systems","volume":"5","author":"Talsania,","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal for Scientific Research & Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1366283.1366309","article-title":"A prototype architecture for cyber-physical systems","volume":"5","author":"Tan,","year":"2008","journal-title":"ACM Sigbed Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2019.01.014","article-title":"Digital twins and cyber\u2013physical systems toward smart manufacturing and industry.: Correlation and comparison","volume":"5","author":"Tao,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2018.2814539","article-title":"A review of the principles of designing smart cyber-physical systems for run-time adaptation: Learned lessons and open issues","volume":"49","author":"Tavcar,","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2019.04.257","article-title":"A holistic system lifecycle engineering approach - Closing the loop between system architecture and digital twins","volume":"84","author":"Thomas,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3390\/designs2040040","article-title":"How to deal with the complexity of future cyber-physical systems?","volume":"2","author":"T\u00f6rngren,","year":"2018","journal-title":"Designs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030745","article-title":"Model-driven approach for realization of data collection architectures for cyber-physical systems of systems to lower manual implementation efforts","volume":"21","author":"Trunzer,","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1631\/FITEE.2000279","article-title":"Emergence in cyber-physical systems: Potential and risk","volume":"21","author":"Tyszberowicz,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/03081070802601509","article-title":"Ross Ashby\u2019s general theory of adaptive systems","volume":"38","author":"Umpleby,","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of General Systems"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3935","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-179108","article-title":"Intelligent, smart and scalable cyber-physical systems","volume":"36","author":"Vijayakumar,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.3837\/tiis.2011.11.001","article-title":"Advances in cyber-physical systems research","volume":"5","author":"Wan,","year":"2011","journal-title":"KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2016.05.002","article-title":"Combined strength of holons, agents and function blocks in cyber-physical systems","volume":"40","author":"Wang,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Manufacturing Systems"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weyns, D. (2019). Software engineering of self-adaptive systems. In: Handbook of Software Engineering, Springer, Cham, pp. 399\u2013443.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00262-6_11"},{"issue":"X","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/JID-210010","article-title":"A research agenda for smarter cyber-physical systems. (Preprint","volume":"25","author":"Weyns,","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiedermann, J. , van Leeuwen, J. (2021). Towards minimally conscious cyber-physical systems: A manifesto. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Informatics, Springer, Cham, pp. 43\u201355 .","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-67731-2_4"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2009.81","article-title":"Cyber-physical systems","volume":"42","author":"Wolf,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Computer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2014.2387381","article-title":"Cyber-physical modeling and cyber-contingency assessment of hierarchical control systems","volume":"6","author":"Xin,","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78238","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2884906","article-title":"A survey on industrial Internet of Things: A cyber-physical systems perspective","volume":"6","author":"Xu,","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref176","first-page":"2","article-title":"A new discipline of science - The study of open complex giant system and its methodology","volume":"4","author":"Xuesen,","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics"},{"issue":"19-20","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1080\/01691864.2017.1394912","article-title":"A brief review of affordance in robotic manipulation research","volume":"31","author":"Yamanobe,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advanced Robotics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref178","first-page":"747","article-title":"Adaptive resource management for cyber-physical systems","volume":"157","author":"Yan,","year":"2012","journal-title":"In: Applied Mechanics and Materials. Trans Tech Publications Ltd"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2519381","article-title":"MixCPS: Mixed time\/event-triggered architecture of cyber\u2013physical systems","volume":"104","author":"Yao,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.3390\/s19051033","article-title":"A comprehensive technological survey on the dependable self-management CPS: From self-adaptive architecture to self-management strategies","volume":"19","author":"Zhou,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.3390\/s17112580","article-title":"A decentralized compositional framework for dependable decision process in self-managed cyber physical systems","volume":"17","author":"Zhou,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.3233\/JID-220008_ref184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2010.09.009","article-title":"Semantic linking through spaces for cyber-physical-socio intelligence: A methodology","volume":"175","author":"Zhuge,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"}],"container-title":["Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JID-220008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:56:31Z","timestamp":1777503391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JID-220008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jid-220008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0617","1875-8959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0617","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]}}}