{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:36:35Z","timestamp":1777703795388,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]],"date-time":"2017-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Query completion service, normally known in the form of query auto completion (QAC) and widely provided by common search engines, assists users to formulate their queries after only typing few keystrokes. Previous work on QAC basically ranks query candidates according to their query popularity which is collected from the search logs, ignoring the internal semantic similarity between terms inside a query. However, we argue semantically related terms are apt to be combined when generating a query. In addition, as users often engage in QAC at word boundary (i.e., after typing a full word), we suppose that the time-aware popularity of the first word in a query candidate could affect the ranking of QAC candidates. Hence, based on the Markov assumption, we propose a new QAC ranking method, which models the QAC engagement as a Markov Chain and takes the semantic similarity between query terms into account. We contrast our proposed model with the traditional query popularity-based QAC approaches and verify its effectiveness in terms of Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR). The experimental results show that our model significantly outperforms the baselines, achieving an average MRR improvement around 4% over the baselines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-151404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,26]],"date-time":"2017-05-26T14:41:19Z","timestamp":1495809679000},"page":"3999-4008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Term-level semantic similarity helps\u00a0time-aware term popularity based\u00a0query completion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Honghui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2016.2568179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1963405.1963424"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"971","article-title":"Recent and robust query autocompletion","author":"Whiting S.","year":"2014","unstructured":"WhitingS. and JoseJ.M., Recent and robust query autocompletion, in Proceedings of the 23th International Conference on World Wide Web, 2014, pp. 971\u2013982.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 23th International Conference on World Wide Web"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"601","article-title":"Time-sensitive query autocompletion","author":"Shokouhi M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"ShokouhiM. and RadinskyK., Time-sensitive query autocompletion, in Proceedings of the 35th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2012, pp. 601\u2013610.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 35th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"1055","article-title":"On user interactions with query auto-completion","author":"Mitra B.","year":"2014","unstructured":"MitraB., ShokouhiM., RadlinskiF. and HofmannK., On user interactions with query auto-completion, in Proceedings of the 37th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2014, pp. 1055\u20131058.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2015.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"455","article-title":"A two-dimensional click model for query auto-completion","author":"Li Y.","year":"2014","unstructured":"LiY., DongA., WangH., DengH., ChangY. and ZhaiC., A two-dimensional click model for query auto-completion, in Proceedings of the 37th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2014, pp. 455\u2013464.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","article-title":"A picture of search","author":"Pass G.","year":"2006","unstructured":"PassG., ChowdhuryA. and TorgesonC., A picture of search, in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Scalable Information Systems, 2006.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Scalable Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"CraswellN. JonesR. DupretG. and ViegasE. Eds. WSCD \u201909: Proceedings of the 2009 Workshop on Web Search Click Data ACM 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"194","article-title":"Corpus structure, language models, and ad hoc information retrieval","author":"Kurland O.","year":"2004","unstructured":"KurlandO. and LeeL., Corpus structure, language models, and ad hoc information retrieval, Proceedings of the 27th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2004, 194\u2013201.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 27th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","article-title":"Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space","author":"Mikolov T.","year":"2013","unstructured":"MikolovT., ChenK., CorradoG.S. and DeanJ., Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space, in Proceedings of Workshop at ICLR, 2013.","journal-title":"Proceedings of Workshop at ICLR"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"3111","article-title":"Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality","author":"Mikolov T.","year":"2013","unstructured":"MikolovT., SutskeverI., ChenK., CorradoG.S. and DeanJ., Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality, in Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, 2013, pp. 3111\u20133119.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2523813"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"103","article-title":"Learning to personalize query autocompletion","author":"Shokouhi M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"ShokouhiM., Learning to personalize query autocompletion, in Proceedings of the 36th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2013, pp. 103\u2013112.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 36th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2910579"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-151404","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-151404","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-151404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:39:37Z","timestamp":1777455577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-151404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-151404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-151404","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]]}}}