{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:40:59Z","timestamp":1777704059879,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Over 93 million people get ill with sexually transmitted diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. However, research has shown that people with sexually transmitted diseases find it difficult to share their problem with a physician due to societal discrimination in Africa. Due to this problem, we have implemented a medical expert system for diagnosing sexually transmitted diseases (ESSTD) that maintains the anonymity of the individuals. The patients diagnose themselves by answering questions provided by the system. This paper presents the design and development of the system. Forward chaining rules were used to implement the knowledge base and the system is easily accessible on mobile platforms. The Java Expert System Shell was used for its inference engine and the system was validated by domain experts. It is useful because it helps to maintain anonymity for patients with STD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-161242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T10:59:22Z","timestamp":1506077962000},"page":"2007-2017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["An expert system for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases \u2013 ESSTD"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Temitope","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of ICT\/ICE Research, CUCRID Building, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olaperi","family":"Sowunmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of ICT\/ICE Research, CUCRID Building, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of ICT\/ICE Research, CUCRID Building, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Fernandez-Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Alcala, Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Broderick","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"118","article-title":"A Prototype Mobile Expert System for Nutritional Diagnosis","author":"Quesada C.","year":"2013","unstructured":"QuesadaC. and JenkinsM., A Prototype Mobile Expert System for Nutritional Diagnosis, in: Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, 2013, pp. 118\u2013123.","journal-title":"in: Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","volume-title":"Decentralising the codification of rules in a decision support expert knowledge base","author":"De Kock E.","year":"2005","unstructured":"De KockE., Decentralising the codification of rules in a decision support expert knowledge base, University of Pretoria, 2005."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2014.05.241"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"303","article-title":"International journal of medicine research","volume":"4","author":"Ansari G.A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"AnsariG.A., International journal of medicine research, Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences4 (2013), 303\u2013308.","journal-title":"Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","first-page":"171","article-title":"Research review: Application of expert systems in the sciences","volume":"90","author":"Durkin J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"DurkinJ., Research review: Application of expert systems in the sciences, The Ohio Journal of Science90 (1990), 171\u2013179.","journal-title":"The Ohio Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.02.164"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/145891"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.02.089"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-61350-123-8.ch011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","article-title":"Medina-Merodio","author":"Sowunmi O.Y.","year":"2016","unstructured":"SowunmiO.Y., MisraS., Fernandez-SanzL. and AmelioJ., Medina-Merodio, Framework for Academic Advice through Mobile Applications: in 25th International Conference on Information Systems Development, 2016.","journal-title":"Framework for Academic Advice through Mobile Applications: in 25th International Conference on Information Systems Development"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","first-page":"75","article-title":"HIV-related stigma discrimination and human rights violations: Case studies of successful programmes","author":"Aggleton P.","year":"2005","unstructured":"AggletonP., WoodK., MalcolmA. and ParkerR., HIV-related stigma discrimination and human rights violations: Case studies of successful programmes, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2005), 75.","journal-title":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protcy.2014.10.169"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.03.066"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/ojphi.v5i3.4865"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jai.2010.239.251"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"An expert system for men genital problems diagnosis and treatment","volume":"1","author":"Abu-Naser S.S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abu-NaserS.S. and Al-HanjoriM.M., An expert system for men genital problems diagnosis and treatment, International Journal of Medicine Research1 (2016), 83\u201386.","journal-title":"International Journal of Medicine Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","first-page":"74","article-title":"Design of pattern recognition system for the diagnosis of gonorrhea disease","volume":"1","author":"Umoh U.A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"UmohU.A., UmohA.A., JamesG.G., OtonU.U. and UdoudoJ.J., Design of pattern recognition system for the diagnosis of gonorrhea disease, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research1 (2012), 74\u201379.","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","volume-title":"An Expert System for Diabetes diagnosis","author":"Smitha V.","year":"2010","unstructured":"SmithaV., An Expert System for Diabetes diagnosis, Christ University Bangalore, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2013.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","first-page":"67","volume-title":"in: Rule-Based Expert Systems: The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project","author":"van Melle W.","year":"1984","unstructured":"van MelleW., The Structure of the MYCIN System, in: Rule-Based Expert Systems: The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project, BuchananB.G., ShortliffeE.H. ed., Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, 1984, pp. 67\u201377."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) WHO | Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","first-page":"374","article-title":"A new approach for developing diagnostic expert systems on mobile phones","volume":"3","author":"Abdelhamid Y.","year":"2013","unstructured":"AbdelhamidY. and El-HellyM., A new approach for developing diagnostic expert systems on mobile phones, Communications in Information3 (2013), 374\u2013384.","journal-title":"Communications in Information"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-161242","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-161242","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-161242","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:40:19Z","timestamp":1777455619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-161242"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-161242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-161242","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}}}