{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:27:28Z","timestamp":1777703248675,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Visual tracking is of great importance in multimedia technology enhanced learning. Many human-machine interaction based learning\/teaching activities need tracking of specific object. Particle filter has grown to be a standard framework for visual tracking in the past decades. One of its key issues is the design of the proposal distribution which can greatly affect the performance of particle trackers. In this paper we propose an enhanced particle filter for robust visual tracking. First, we propose a new particle filter using two proposal distributions to generate particles, that is, the unscented Kalman filter and the transition prior. Second, we introduce the locality sensitive histogram (LSH) and color based appearance model to deal with the appearance variation within the particle filter tracking framework. Third, by combining our new particle filter and the LSH and color based appearance model, we develop a robust tracking algorithm. Experimental results show that our tracking algorithm is better than or not worse than several other tracking algorithms over several public sequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-169098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]],"date-time":"2016-10-14T10:28:40Z","timestamp":1476440920000},"page":"2573-2581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Tracking objects in video-based education using an enhanced particle filter"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Fasheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"},{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Dalian Neusoft University of Information, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhibo","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xucheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Dalian Neusoft University of Information, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470974377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTEL.2015.072810"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJLT.2011.043578"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-015-0844-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"436","article-title":"Wearable Smartphone: Wearable Hybrid Framework for Hand and Foot Gesture Interaction on Smartphone","author":"Lv Z.","year":"2013","unstructured":"LvZ., Wearable Smartphone: Wearable Hybrid Framework for Hand and Foot Gesture Interaction on Smartphone, Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, 2013, pp. 436\u2013443.","journal-title":"Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-013-1379-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"1035","article-title":"Tracking pedestrian with incrementally learned representation and classification model","volume":"30","author":"Xie Y.","year":"2014","unstructured":"XieY., PeiM., ZhangJ., MengM. and JiaY., Tracking pedestrian with incrementally learned representation and classification model, Journal of Information Science and Engineering30 (2014), 1035\u20131052.","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science and Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008078328650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(02)00129-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"681","article-title":"Iterated unscented Kalman particle filter for visual tracking","volume":"10","author":"Sun W.","year":"2014","unstructured":"SunW., LiX., QiuJ. and WangF., Iterated unscented Kalman particle filter for visual tracking, Journal of Computational Information Systems10 (2014), 681\u2013689.","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2010.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"237","article-title":"Multiple Cue Adaptive Tracking of Deformable Objects with Particle Filter","author":"Dore A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"DoreA., BeoldoA. and RegazzoniC.S., Multiple Cue Adaptive Tracking of Deformable Objects with Particle Filter, Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing, 2008, pp. 237\u2013240.","journal-title":"Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"786","article-title":"Better Proposal Distributions: Object Tracking using Unscented Particle Filter","volume":"2","author":"Rui Y.","year":"2001","unstructured":"RuiY. and ChenY., Better Proposal Distributions: Object Tracking using Unscented Particle Filter, Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition2 (2001), 786\u2013793.","journal-title":"Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"661","article-title":"Color-based Probabilistic Tracking","volume":"2350","author":"Perez P.","year":"2002","unstructured":"PerezP., HueC., VermaakJ. and GangetM., Color-based Probabilistic Tracking, Proceedings of European Conference on Computer Vision, LNCS 2350 (2002), 661\u2013675.","journal-title":"Proceedings of European Conference on Computer Vision"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"430","article-title":"Particle Filtering with multiple cues for object tracking in video sequences","volume":"5685","author":"Brasnett P.","year":"2005","unstructured":"BrasnettP., MihaylovaL., CanagarajahN. and BullD., Particle Filtering with multiple cues for object tracking in video sequences, Proceedings of SPIE Image and Video Communications and Processing5685 (2005), 430\u2013441.","journal-title":"Proceedings of SPIE Image and Video Communications and Processing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2514704"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"4913","article-title":"Adaptive Multiple Cues Integration for Robust Outdoor Vehicle Visual Tracking","author":"Xin J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"XinJ., LiuX., RanB. and LiuD., Adaptive Multiple Cues Integration for Robust Outdoor Vehicle Visual Tracking, Proceedings of Chinese Control Conference, 2015, pp. 4913\u20134918.","journal-title":"Proceedings of Chinese Control Conference"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"2427","article-title":"Visual Tracking Via Locality Sensitive Histograms","author":"He S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"HeS., YangQ., LauR.W.H., WangJ. and YangM.-H., Visual Tracking Via Locality Sensitive Histograms, Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2013, pp. 2427\u20132434.","journal-title":"Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2015.2430671"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"387","article-title":"Tracking of Abrupt Motion using Wang-Landau Monte Carlo Estimation","author":"Kwon J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"KwonJ. and LeeK.M., Tracking of Abrupt Motion using Wang-Landau Monte Carlo Estimation, Proceedings of European Conference on Computer Vision, 2008, pp. 387\u2013400.","journal-title":"Proceedings of European Conference on Computer Vision"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-169098","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JIFS-169098","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JIFS-169098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:38:16Z","timestamp":1777455496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JIFS-169098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JIFS-169098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-169098","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}}}