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All these risk functions are classified into three types: incentive function, punitive function and equilibrium function, and some useful mathematical properties of these risk functions are proved. Finally, a practical risk assessment example to outsourced software project is given to illustrate the application of this decision making method. The simulation results show the effectiveness of these functions compared with that of some conventional functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-169196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,6]],"date-time":"2016-12-06T11:12:45Z","timestamp":1481022765000},"page":"3103-3111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Some risk functions of IVIFS applied to\u00a0outsourced software project"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Trade, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Big Data and Decision Making, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 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