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The CNN contains three convolutional layers, three max-pooling layers, and three neural networks with intermediate dropout connections. The CNN was trained using different emotional databases. One of them was a posed database (RaFD) and two of them were spontaneous databases created specially by us with a content focused on learning-centered emotions. The results show a comparison among three emotion recognition systems. One applying a local binary pattern approach with facial patches, another applying a geometry-based method, and the last one applying the convolutional network. The analysis presented satisfactory results; the CNN obtained a 95% accuracy for the RaFD database, an 88% accuracy for a learning-centered emotion database and a 74% accuracy for a second learning-centered emotion database. Results are compared against the classifiers support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, and artificial neural network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-169514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,25]],"date-time":"2018-05-25T05:06:21Z","timestamp":1527224781000},"page":"3325-3336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Recognition of learning-centered emotions using a convolutional neural network"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Ciencias de la Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Culiac\u00e1n, Culiac\u00e1n, Sinaloa, M\u00e9xico"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Zatarain-Cabada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Ciencias de la Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Culiac\u00e1n, Culiac\u00e1n, Sinaloa, M\u00e9xico"}]},{"given":"Maria Lucia","family":"Barr\u00f3n-Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Ciencias de la Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Culiac\u00e1n, Culiac\u00e1n, Sinaloa, M\u00e9xico"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Ciencias de la Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Culiac\u00e1n, Culiac\u00e1n, Sinaloa, M\u00e9xico"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1382.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939208411068"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2015.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","article-title":"Building a Corpus and a Local Binary Pattern Recognizer for Learning-Centered Emotions","author":"Zatarain-cabada R.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zatarain-cabadaR.et al., Building a Corpus and a Local Binary Pattern Recognizer for Learning-Centered Emotions, Adv Artif Intell Its Appl2016.","journal-title":"Adv Artif Intell Its Appl"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2017.141"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2011.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2000.840611"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"94","article-title":"The extended cohn-kande dataset (CK+): A complete facial expression dataset for action unit and emotionspecified expression","author":"Lucey P.","year":"2010","unstructured":"LuceyP., CohnJ.F., KanadeT., SaragihJ., AmbadarZ. and MatthewsI., The extended cohn-kande dataset (CK+): A complete facial expression dataset for action unit and emotionspecified expression, inCvprw (2010) pp 94\u2013101.","journal-title":"Cvprw"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930903485076"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-AFFC.2011.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Proceedings of Int\u2019l Conf. 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